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Molecular Research in Atherosclerosis
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Molecular Research in Atherosclerosis

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 13712

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alberto Canfran-Duque

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Microbiology Department, Associate Research Scientist at NYU Langone Health, Microbiology, New York, NY, USA
Interests: Cholesterol; Atherosclerosis; Vascular biology; Inflammation; Immune System; Lipids; Metabolism; miRNA; Translation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Progression of atherosclerosis leads to themicroRNA (miRNA). development of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic cardiomyopathy and stroke. Despite the current therapeutic interventions and changes in lifestyle, cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of death in the world. Great progress has been made to increase our understanding of the molecular aspects that promote atherosclerosis initiation and progression, giving the opportunity to develop new strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. In this open-access special issue, we will include the recent advancements that have been made, as well as original scientific reports related to molecular atherosclerosis. The main goal for this issue is to offer an open-source with the most relevant molecular research in atherosclerosis, that can help the scientific community in the development and validation of new therapeutic approaches.

Dr. Alberto Canfran-Duque
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microRNA (miRNA)
  • Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)
  • Transcription factors
  • Nuclear receptors
  • Oxysterols
  • EndoMT
  • RNA binding proteins
  • Cholesterol
  • Perturbed flow
  • Vascular smooth muscle cell
  • Endothelial cell
  • Macrophages
  • Neutrophil extracellular traps
  • m6A
  • TGF
  • PDGF
  • Clonal hematopoiesis
  • Inflammation
  • Inflammasome
  • Endothelial injury
  • Clonal expansion
  • T-cells
  • B-cells
  • Liver
  • PCSK9

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4471 KiB  
Article
NO Synthesis but Not Apoptosis, Mitosis or Inflammation Can Explain Correlations between Flow Directionality and Paracellular Permeability of Cultured Endothelium
by Mean Ghim, Sung-Wook Yang, Kamilah R. Z. David, Joel Eustaquio, Christina M. Warboys and Peter D. Weinberg
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8076; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158076 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1562
Abstract
Haemodynamic wall shear stress varies from site to site within the arterial system and is thought to cause local variation in endothelial permeability to macromolecules. Our aim was to investigate mechanisms underlying the changes in paracellular permeability caused by different patterns of shear [...] Read more.
Haemodynamic wall shear stress varies from site to site within the arterial system and is thought to cause local variation in endothelial permeability to macromolecules. Our aim was to investigate mechanisms underlying the changes in paracellular permeability caused by different patterns of shear stress in long-term culture. We used the swirling well system and a substrate-binding tracer that permits visualisation of transport at the cellular level. Permeability increased in the centre of swirled wells, where flow is highly multidirectional, and decreased towards the edge, where flow is more uniaxial, compared to static controls. Overall, there was a reduction in permeability. There were also decreases in early- and late-stage apoptosis, proliferation and mitosis, and there were significant correlations between the first three and permeability when considering variation from the centre to the edge under flow. However, data from static controls did not fit the same relation, and a cell-by-cell analysis showed that <5% of uptake under shear was associated with each of these events. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 increased and then decreased with the duration of applied shear, as did permeability, but the spatial correlation between them was not significant. Application of an NO synthase inhibitor abolished the overall decrease in permeability caused by chronic shear and the difference in permeability between the centre and the edge of the well. Hence, shear and paracellular permeability appear to be linked by NO synthesis and not by apoptosis, mitosis or inflammation. The effect was mediated by an increase in transport through tricellular junctions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Atherosclerosis)
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Review

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26 pages, 863 KiB  
Review
Impact of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on the Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis
by Daniela Matei, Ioana Buculei, Catalina Luca, Calin-Petru Corciova, Doru Andritoi, Robert Fuior, Daniel-Andrei Iordan and Ilie Onu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9097; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169097 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5903
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide characterized by the deposition of lipids and fibrous elements in the form of atheroma plaques in vascular areas which are hemodynamically overloaded. The global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is steadily increasing and [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide characterized by the deposition of lipids and fibrous elements in the form of atheroma plaques in vascular areas which are hemodynamically overloaded. The global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is steadily increasing and is considered the largest known non-infectious pandemic. The management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing the cost of health care worldwide, which is a concern for researchers and physicians and has caused them to strive to find effective long-term strategies to improve the efficiency of treatments by managing conventional risk factors. Primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the preferred method to reduce cardiovascular risk. Fasting, a Mediterranean diet, and caloric restriction can be considered useful clinical tools. The protective impact of physical exercise over the cardiovascular system has been studied in recent years with the intention of explaining the mechanisms involved; the increase in heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and regulators of cardiac myocyte proliferation concentration seem to be the molecular and biochemical shifts that are involved. Developing new therapeutic strategies such as vagus nerve stimulation, either to prevent or slow the disease’s onset and progression, will surely have a profound effect on the lives of millions of people. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Atherosclerosis)
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16 pages, 1428 KiB  
Review
Circulating Monocyte Subsets and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
by Fanny Lassalle, Mickael Rosa, Bart Staels, Eric Van Belle, Sophie Susen and Annabelle Dupont
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5303; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105303 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2356
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as an alternative to open heart surgery, has revolutionized the treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS), the most common valvular disorder in the elderly. AVS is now considered a form of atherosclerosis and, like the latter, partly [...] Read more.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as an alternative to open heart surgery, has revolutionized the treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS), the most common valvular disorder in the elderly. AVS is now considered a form of atherosclerosis and, like the latter, partly of inflammatory origin. Patients with high-grade AVS have a highly disturbed blood flow associated with high levels of shear stress. The immediate reopening of the valve during TAVR leads to a sudden restoration of a normal blood flow hemodynamic. Despite its good prognosis for patients, TAVR remains associated with bleeding or thrombotic postprocedural complications, involving mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Many studies report the close link between blood coagulation and inflammation, termed thromboinflammation, including monocytes as a major actor. The TAVR procedure represents a unique opportunity to study the influence of shear stress on human monocytes, key mediators of inflammation and hemostasis processes. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of TAVR on monocyte phenotype and subset repartition and the association of these parameters with the clinical outcomes of patients with severe AVS who underwent TAVR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Atherosclerosis)
17 pages, 742 KiB  
Review
The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Atherosclerosis and Impact of Anti-Lipemic Treatments on Endothelial Repair
by Velimir Altabas and Lora Stanka Kirigin Biloš
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052663 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3161
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are associated with advanced atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerosis is still regarded as an incurable disease, at least in its more advanced stages, the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), with their ability to replace old and injured cells and differentiate into healthy [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular complications are associated with advanced atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerosis is still regarded as an incurable disease, at least in its more advanced stages, the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), with their ability to replace old and injured cells and differentiate into healthy and functional mature endothelial cells, has shifted our view of atherosclerosis as an incurable disease, and merged traditional theories of atherosclerosis pathogenesis with evolving concepts of vascular biology. EPC alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities in atherosclerosis, but many questions remain unanswered. Many currently available drugs that impact cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have shown a positive effect on EPC biology. This review examines the role of endothelial progenitor cells in atherosclerosis development, and the impact standard antilipemic drugs, including statins, fibrates, and ezetimibe, as well as more novel treatments such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulating agents and angiopoietin-like proteins (Angtpl3) inhibitors have on EPC biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Atherosclerosis)
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