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Carbocations: Properties and Reactivity

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 1172

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Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Interests: study of molecules and their interactions by spectroscopic methods; unsaturated carbocations
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbocations are well-known intermediates in organic chemistry and have been extensively studied experimentally over the past 60 years, mainly in solutions of liquid superacids by NMR. Recently, pure salts of saturated and unsaturated carbocations (with double and triple CC bonds) with carborane counterions have been isolated for the first time, which made it possible to establish their X-ray structure and obtain stable solutions of their salts in ordinary organochlorine solvents at room temperature. This made it possible to start studying their interaction with neutral weakly basic molecules. Thus, new possibilities have opened up for studying the properties and reactivity of carbocations through various physical methods, which had not been possible before. In this Special Issue, we invite contributions in the form of original research articles and reviews on all aspects related to carbocations.

Prof. Dr. Evgenii Stoyanov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • alkane carbocations
  • vinyl and propargyl carbocations
  • carbocation adducts with neutral molecules
  • carbocation reactivity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 2039 KiB  
Article
Substitution of H Atoms in Unsaturated (Vinyl-Type) Carbocations by Cl or O Atoms
by Evgenii S. Stoyanov, Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya and Irina V. Stoyanova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10734; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310734 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 910
Abstract
Introduction of Cl and O atoms into C4-vinyl carbocations was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Chlorine atoms are weak electron acceptors in ordinary molecules but, within vinyl carbocations, manifest themselves as strong electron donors that accept a positive [...] Read more.
Introduction of Cl and O atoms into C4-vinyl carbocations was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Chlorine atoms are weak electron acceptors in ordinary molecules but, within vinyl carbocations, manifest themselves as strong electron donors that accept a positive charge. The attachment of a Cl atom directly to a C=C bond leads to an increase in the e-density on it, exceeding that of the common double bond. The positive charge should be concentrated on the Cl atom, and weak δ may appear on the C=C bond. More distant attachment of the Cl atom, e.g., to a C atom adjacent to the C=C bond, has a weaker effect on it. If two Cl atoms are attached to the Cγ atom of the vinyl cation, as in Cl2CγCδHCαHCH3, then the cation switches to the allyl type with two practically equivalent and almost uncharged CγCδCα bonds. When such a strong nucleophile as the O atom is introduced into the carbocation, a protonated ester molecule with a C–O(H+)–C group and a C=C bond forms. Nonetheless, in the future, there is still a possibility of obtaining carbocations with a non-protonated C–O–C group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbocations: Properties and Reactivity)
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