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Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1887

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Endocrinology Unit–University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
Interests: metabolic bone diseases; mineral metabolism; osteoporosis; hyperparathyroidism; hypoparathyroidism; renal stone disease
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osteoporosis represents a major public health issue involving more than 200 million people worldwide. One in three women and one in five men over the age of 50 are expected to experience a fragility fracture during their lifetime. Major fractures, like hip or vertebral fractures, significantly impair quality of life by causing considerable pain, disability, and even increasing mortality.

Correct identification and treatment of osteoporosis are crucial factors in preventing fragility fractures. Despite an increasing interest in bone disease in recent years, the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms leading to the development of osteoporosis remain not completely understood. Furthermore, the diagnostic tools currently available for estimating fracture risk are limited, especially in specific situations (e.g., diabetes mellitus type 2, acromegaly, etc.) where bone fragility is present regardless of decreased bone mineral density.

The aim of this Special Issue is to examine recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility. In particular, we would appreciate original articles and literature reviews investigating novel potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis or diagnostic methods for bone fragility. Furthermore, studies exploring new molecular pathways with potential therapeutic applications for bone diseases are welcome.

This Special Issue is supervised by Prof. Dr. Fabio Vescini and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Alessandro Brunetti (University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia).

Dr. Fabio Vescini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • osteoporosis
  • diagnosis
  • dual X-rays absorptiometry
  • DXA
  • bone turnover markers
  • secondary osteoporosis
  • therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1853 KiB  
Article
SNPs in GPCR Genes and Impaired Osteogenic Potency in Osteoporotic Patient Lines-Based Study
by Julia Sopova, Olga Krasnova, Giomar Vasilieva, Anna Zhuk, Olga Lesnyak, Vitaliy Karelkin and Irina Neganova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13594; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413594 - 19 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as critical regulators of bone development and remodeling. In this study, we aimed to identify specific GPCR mutations in osteoporotic patients via next-generation sequencing (NGS). We performed NGS sequencing of six genomic DNA samples taken from osteoporotic patients [...] Read more.
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as critical regulators of bone development and remodeling. In this study, we aimed to identify specific GPCR mutations in osteoporotic patients via next-generation sequencing (NGS). We performed NGS sequencing of six genomic DNA samples taken from osteoporotic patients and two genomic DNA samples from healthy donors. Next, we searched for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GPCR genes that are associated with osteoporosis. For three osteoporotic patients and one healthy donor, bone biopsies were used to generate patient-specific mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lines, and their ability to undergo osteodifferentiation was analyzed. We found that MSCs derived from osteoporotic patients have a different response to osteoinductive factors and impaired osteogenic differentiation using qPCR and histochemical staining assays. The NGS analysis revealed specific combinations of SNPs in GPCR genes in these patients, where SNPs in ADRB2 (rs1042713), GIPR (rs1800437), CNR2 (rs2501431, rs3003336), and WLS (rs3762371) were associated with impaired osteogenic differentiation capacity. By integrating NGS data with functional assessments of patient-specific cell lines, we linked GPCR mutations to impaired bone formation, providing a foundation for developing personalized therapeutic strategies. SNP analysis is recognized as a proactive approach to osteoporosis management, enabling earlier interventions and targeted preventive measures for individuals at risk. Furthermore, SNP analysis contributes to the development of robust, holistic risk prediction models that enhance the accuracy of risk assessments across the population. This integration of genetic data into public health strategies facilitates healthcare initiatives. This approach could guide treatment decisions tailored to the patient’s genetic profile and provide a foundation for developing personalized therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis)
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Review

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15 pages, 656 KiB  
Review
Dental Implant Survival and Risk of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis in the Jaws in Patients Undergoing Antiresorptive Therapy: A Systematic Review
by Armando Crupi, Jacopo Lanzetti, Daniela Todaro, Francesco Pera and Francesco Maria Erovigni
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(8), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083618 - 11 Apr 2025
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Abstract
The interaction between antiresorptive medication and dental implant procedures remains a subject of concern complicating the decision-making process for clinicians. The aim of the study is to conduct a literature review on the relationship between dental implant placement and the incidence of osteonecrosis [...] Read more.
The interaction between antiresorptive medication and dental implant procedures remains a subject of concern complicating the decision-making process for clinicians. The aim of the study is to conduct a literature review on the relationship between dental implant placement and the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients receiving antiresorptive drugs. The systematic review relied on the PRISMA statement using the PICO tool. The literature search was performed using PubMed, EBSCOhost and Scopus for RCTs, controlled clinical trials and cohort studies. The choice of reference studies was made in a blind process with a 100% agreement rate. For all included studies, quality assessment was performed. The research led to the selection of 608 results. Only five studies were included in the review. Three of the included studies were judged as having a low risk of bias. Dental implants may not be linked to a higher risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients taking low-dose bone-modifying agents. The long-term survival of implants in osteoporotic patients taking oral antiresorptive medication was similar to that in a healthy population and significantly higher than in untreated controls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis)
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