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Metabolic Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Conditions

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2025) | Viewed by 2062

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
Interests: oxidative stress; mitochondria; superoxide dismutase; vascular dysfunction; hypertension
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death both globally and in the United States. Metabolic conditions and hypertension are major cardiovascular risk factors. Despite treatment with multiple drugs, 75% of patients do not have their blood pressure under control, potentially due to mechanisms that are not affected by current therapies. Recent studies have shown a link between metabolic conditions and endothelial dysfunction; meanwhile, its molecular mechanism and its causative role remain elusive. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is important for the development of new therapies. Vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart failure and the development of cognitive decline and dementia, representing enormous healthcare and economic burdens for the society. Understanding the etiology of these conditions is critical to increase a person’s health span, reducing the morbidity and mortality. Multiple risk factors contribute to vascular dysfunction, including metabolic dysregulation. An old paradigm focused on systemic metabolic disorders; however, recent studies indicate that cell specific metabolic dysregulation in the vasculature promotes pathological conditions independent of systemic metabolic dysregulation. This new paradigm provides novel insights into new pathways such as accelerated vascular aging and the novel role of mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular and cardiac conditions. Recent discoveries of the metabolic mechanisms of microvascular disfunction in the heart and metabolic regulation of neurovascular coupling may lead to paradigm change in how we understand the role of metabolic conditions in cardiovascular disease. The convergent mechanism potentially underlying the interplay of major risk factors is not clear, but mitochondria may represent a common target that can drive both metabolic and redox mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunction. There are many gaps in knowledge that must be addressed. One of them is related to role of sex and socioeconomic factors in cardiovascular risk, including metabolic mechanisms are yet to be uncovered. In this Special Issue, we will discuss the latest advances in understanding metabolic, epigenetic, hormonal, central and redox mechanisms, as well as the regulation of blood pressure, salt-sensitivity, inflammation, vascular and kidney dysfunctions. The specific roles of mitochondria and other metabolic pathways will be discussed. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metabolic alterations and their causative role requires fundamental paradigm changes.

This Special Issue will provide a platform for molecular research on metabolic dysregulation in different cardiovascular conditions. We welcome original papers and reviews on these topics.

Prof. Dr. Sergey Dikalov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • metabolic conditions
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
  • mitochondria
  • oxidative stress
  • vascular dysfunction
  • superoxide dismutase

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 1827 KiB  
Review
Molecular Interaction Between Vasopressin and Insulin in Regulation of Metabolism: Impact on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
by Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska, Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska and Tymoteusz Żera
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13307; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413307 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
Numerous compounds involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system are also engaged in the control of metabolism. This review gives a survey of literature showing that arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is an effective cardiovascular peptide, exerts several direct and indirect metabolic effects [...] Read more.
Numerous compounds involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system are also engaged in the control of metabolism. This review gives a survey of literature showing that arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is an effective cardiovascular peptide, exerts several direct and indirect metabolic effects and may play the role of the link adjusting blood supply to metabolism of tissues. Secretion of AVP and activation of AVP receptors are regulated by changes in blood pressure and body fluid osmolality, hypoxia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and several metabolic hormones; moreover, AVP turnover is regulated by insulin. Acting on V1a receptors in the liver, AVP stimulates glycogenolysis, reduces synthesis of glycogen, and promotes fatty acid synthesis and acetyl CoA carboxylase activity. Stimulating V1b receptors in the pancreatic islands, AVP promotes release of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and potentiates stimulatory effects of glucose and ACTH on secretion of insulin. Simultaneously, insulin increases AVP secretion by neurons of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus. There is strong evidence that secretion of AVP and its metabolic effectiveness are significantly altered in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Both experimental and clinical data indicate that inappropriate interactions of AVP and insulin play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Conditions)
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