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Molecular Mechanism of Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2023) | Viewed by 7128

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: ovarian cancer; lung cancer; hypertension; pulmonary

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ovarian cancer continues to have the highest case-fatality ratio of any gynecologic cancer and is the leading cause of reproductive cancer mortality among women globally. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common histologic subtype, represents 80% of ovarian cancer cases and accounts for the majority of deaths. Although the understanding of ovarian cancer etiology and pathobiology has made recent advances, the overall survival of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer is still very poor when compared to other gynecological cancers. Factors contributing to poor survival   include lack of screening testing, molecular mechanisms of initiation and progression, early peritoneal spread/metastasis, eventual recurrence, and ultimately chemoresistance.  Further complicating efforts in early detection is the lack of definitive biomarkers and the role of molecular expression patterns in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. Understanding the role of these processes is a crucial step in improving our ability to detect disease at its earliest stages, aiding in the development of testing that can reliably detect disease in its early stages, novel biomarkers, and targeted therapeutic approaches for patients with this disease. This special issue focuses on distinct areas of research across the field of ovarian cancer to identify early molecular events related to initiation and progression. Ultimately, early detection is likely to improve treatment effectiveness and increase the chance of cure, thus decreasing the high rates of mortality associated with ovarian cancer.

Dr. Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • early molecular events
  • ovarian carcinogenesis
  • initiation and progression
  • fallopian tube
  • HGSOC, genetic mutation
  • early detection
  • BRCA1/BRCA2
  • targeting of OC progression
  • animal model for OC initiation
  • microarray in OC
  • genetic/molecular disorders
  • angiogenesis
  • cell cycle progression in OC

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2707 KiB  
Article
Secreted Soluble Factors from Tumor-Activated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Confer Platinum Chemoresistance to Ovarian Cancer Cells
by Yifat Koren Carmi, Hazem Khamaisi, Rina Adawi, Eden Noyman, Jacob Gopas and Jamal Mahajna
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 7730; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097730 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2259
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the second most common type of gynecological malignancy, has poor survival rates, and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Platinum-based chemotherapy, such as carboplatin, represents the standard-of-care for OC. However, toxicity and acquired resistance to therapy have [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the second most common type of gynecological malignancy, has poor survival rates, and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Platinum-based chemotherapy, such as carboplatin, represents the standard-of-care for OC. However, toxicity and acquired resistance to therapy have proven challenging for the treatment of patients. Chemoresistance, a principal obstacle to durable response in OC patients, is attributed to alterations within the cancer cells, and it can also be mediated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we report that conditioned medium (CM) derived from murine and human stromal cells, MS-5 and HS-5, respectively, and tumor-activated HS-5, was active in conferring platinum chemoresistance to OC cells. Moreover, CM derived from differentiated murine pre-adipocyte (3T3-L1), but not undifferentiated pre-adipocyte cells, confers platinum chemoresistance to OC cells. Interestingly, CM derived from tumor-activated HS-5 was more effective in conferring chemoresistance than was CM derived from HS-5 cells. Various OC cells exhibit variable sensitivity to CM activity. Exploring CM content revealed the enrichment of a number of soluble factors in the tumor-activated HS-5, such as soluble uPAR (SuPAR), IL-6, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). FDA-approved JAK inhibitors were mildly effective in restoring platinum sensitivity in two of the three OC cell lines in the presence of CM. Moreover, Crizotinib, an ALK and c-MET inhibitor, in combination with platinum, blocked HGF’s ability to promote platinum resistance and to restore platinum sensitivity to OC cells. Finally, exposure to 2-hydroxyestardiol (2HE2) was effective in restoring platinum sensitivity to OC cells exposed to CM. Our results showed the significance of soluble factors found in TME in promoting platinum chemoresistance and the potential of combination therapy to restore chemosensitivity to OC cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression)
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Review

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32 pages, 1514 KiB  
Review
Current Understanding on Why Ovarian Cancer Is Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
by Anna Pawłowska, Anna Rekowska, Weronika Kuryło, Anna Pańczyszyn, Jan Kotarski and Iwona Wertel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10859; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310859 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4263
Abstract
The standard treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients, including debulking surgery and first-line chemotherapy, is unsatisfactory because of recurrent episodes in the majority (~70%) of patients with advanced OC. Clinical trials have shown only a modest (10–15%) response of OC individuals to treatment [...] Read more.
The standard treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients, including debulking surgery and first-line chemotherapy, is unsatisfactory because of recurrent episodes in the majority (~70%) of patients with advanced OC. Clinical trials have shown only a modest (10–15%) response of OC individuals to treatment based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The resistance of OC to therapy is caused by various factors, including OC heterogeneity, low density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), non-cellular and cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as a network of microRNA regulating immune checkpoint pathways. Moreover, ICIs are the most efficient in tumors that are marked by high microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden, which is rare among OC patients. The great challenge in ICI implementation is connected with distinguishing hyper-, pseudo-, and real progression of the disease. The understanding of the immunological, molecular, and genetic mechanisms of OC resistance is crucial to selecting the group of OC individuals in whom personalized treatment would be beneficial. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the selected factors inducing OC resistance and discuss the future directions of ICI-based immunotherapy development for OC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression)
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