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Diabetes: Advances in Molecular Research
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Diabetes: Advances in Molecular Research

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 4757

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alexandra E. Butler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain
Interests: type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes; islet cell biology; obesity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stephen Atkin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Muharraq, Bahrain
Interests: diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in the clinical management of diabetes have enhanced patient treatment; however, there is a critical need to understand the molecular mechanisms in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes to devise new treatment strategies and understand the physiological consequences of insulin deficiency through an absolute lack of insulin or through insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic consequences. These include the physiology of the sequelae of glucose dysregulation, the counter-regulatory responses, and the early molecular changes that lead to diabetes-related complications that may allow early redress. Pharmacological interventions may help optimize glycemic control and improvements may result in a reduction in the diabetes-related microvascular complications of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, but a reduction in macrovascular diabetes-related events is less convincing; the molecular mechanisms underlying this need to be determined for future impactful therapies, with an understanding on how these molecular mechanisms differ between health and disease.  

Prof. Dr. Alexandra E. Butler
Dr. Stephen Atkin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • type 1 diabetes
  • type 2 diabetes
  • retinopathy
  • nephropathy
  • neuropathy
  • molecular pharmacology
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • normal physiology
  • counter-regulatory hormones
  • hypoglycemia
 
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Adiponectin and Inflammatory Marker Levels in the Elderly Patients with Diabetes, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms
by Malgorzata Gorska-Ciebiada and Maciej Ciebiada
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10804; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910804 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1289
Abstract
Some studies suggest that low-grade inflammation and adipokines may be involved in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in subjects with type 2 diabetes; however, the available data concerning the elderly population are limited. Therefore, we conducted novel research to determine the serum [...] Read more.
Some studies suggest that low-grade inflammation and adipokines may be involved in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in subjects with type 2 diabetes; however, the available data concerning the elderly population are limited. Therefore, we conducted novel research to determine the serum adiponectin, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels in elderly diabetic patients with MCI and depressive symptoms and to identify the factors associated with MCI in this group. A total of 178 diabetic patients (mean age 84.4 ± 3.4 years) were screened for MCI and depressive symptoms. Various biochemical and biomarker data were collected. We found that patients with MCI and depressive symptoms demonstrated lower adiponectin levels and high hs-CRP and TNF-α. In this group, adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with hs-CRP, TNF-α, HbA1c, and GDS-30 scores and positively correlated with MoCA scores. Multivariable analysis found the risk of MCI to be associated with higher TNF-α levels, fewer years of formal education, an increased number of comorbidities, and the presence of CVD. We concluded that low-grade inflammation and the presence of adipokines are associated with MCI and depressive symptoms in elderly diabetics. Further research should evaluate the suitability of Hs-CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin as diagnostic markers for MCI and potential therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes: Advances in Molecular Research)
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Review

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32 pages, 3647 KiB  
Review
Exercise in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Its Protective Effects and Molecular Mechanism
by Humin Chen and Liang Guo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1465; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041465 - 10 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1195
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, characterized by the development of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and disordered glucose metabolism. As a sustainable therapeutic approach, exercise has been reported [...] Read more.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, characterized by the development of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and disordered glucose metabolism. As a sustainable therapeutic approach, exercise has been reported in numerous studies to regulate blood glucose and improve abnormal energy metabolism through various mechanisms, thereby ameliorating left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and mitigating DCM. This review summarizes the positive impacts of exercise on DCM and explores its underlying molecular mechanisms, providing new insights and paving the way for the development of tailored exercise programs for the prophylaxis and therapy of DCM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes: Advances in Molecular Research)
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27 pages, 2322 KiB  
Review
The Emerging Role of p21 in Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders
by Omar Elmitwalli, Radwan Darwish, Lana Al-Jabery, Ahmed Algahiny, Sornali Roy, Alexandra E. Butler and Ammar S. Hasan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313209 - 9 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1524
Abstract
In the context of cell cycle inhibition, anti-proliferation, and the dysregulation observed in certain cancer pathologies, the protein p21 assumes a pivotal role. p21 links DNA damage responses to cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, and cell cycle arrest, primarily functioning as a [...] Read more.
In the context of cell cycle inhibition, anti-proliferation, and the dysregulation observed in certain cancer pathologies, the protein p21 assumes a pivotal role. p21 links DNA damage responses to cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, and cell cycle arrest, primarily functioning as a regulator of the cell cycle. However, accumulating empirical evidence suggests that p21 is both directly and indirectly linked to a number of different metabolic processes. Intriguingly, recent investigations indicate that p21 significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes. In this review, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the scientific literature regarding the involvement of p21 in metabolic processes, diabetes etiology, pancreatic function, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we provide an encapsulated overview of therapies that target p21 to alleviate metabolic disorders. A deeper understanding of the complex interrelationship between p21 and diabetes holds promise for informing current and future therapeutic strategies to address this rapidly escalating health crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes: Advances in Molecular Research)
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