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Melanoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 493

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Guest Editor
Center for Medical Genomics—OMICRON, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Kopernika 7c, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
Interests: apoptosis; autophagy; cancer therapy/treatment; drug resistance
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Melanoma is one of the most malignant, heterogeneous, and therapy-resistant types of cancer, resulting from the neoplastic transformation of pigment cells—melanocytes.

Treatment for this cancer causes many problems because melanoma is a heterogeneous disease that is resistant to standard chemotherapy.

As a result of neoplastic transformation, cell signaling pathways, including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-kB, and Wnt/β-catenin, are dysregulated. Changes occur at the cellular level: proliferation increases, cells acquire invasive features and the ability to migrate, and the process of cellular apoptosis is inhibited.

The development of targeted therapy directed directly against oncogenes or focused on inhibiting signaling pathways activated as a result of neoplastic transformation seems promising. The search for an effective therapeutic strategy for melanoma focuses on identifying new potential sites for targeted therapy.

While targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized melanoma treatment, a significant challenge remains in the development of resistance to these therapies. Research on an effective model of treatment for this cancer is still ongoing.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest original research and reviews on molecular mechanisms and clinical strategies for the treatment of melanoma.

I hope that the latest research results presented in this Special Issue will contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes involved in melanoma progression and facilitate the development of novel clinical strategies for this tumor.

Dr. Dorota Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • melanoma
  • molecular mechanism
  • signaling pathways
  • genetic mutations
  • cancer therapy/treatment
  • drug resistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 31544 KB  
Article
Changes in Melanoma Cell Morphology Following Inhibition of Cell Invasion by Third-Generation mTOR Kinase Inhibitors
by Dorota Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka, Martyna Sikorska-Duplicka, Marta Zarzycka, Grzegorz Zemanek and Karol Wierzbicki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7770; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167770 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 254
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most invasive skin cancers with the highest mortality risk. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways are a key regulatory point related to growth factors and involved in the cell’s energy metabolism. They are responsible for cell life processes such as [...] Read more.
Melanoma is one of the most invasive skin cancers with the highest mortality risk. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways are a key regulatory point related to growth factors and involved in the cell’s energy metabolism. They are responsible for cell life processes such as growth, proliferation, invasion, survival, apoptosis, autophagy, and angiogenesis. The studies undertaken concerned the effect of protein kinase inhibitors involved in the signaling pathways of AKT, MEK, and mTOR kinases on the expression of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, invasion process, and activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): MMP-2 and MMP-9 in melanoma cells. The study used mTOR kinase inhibitors: Everolimus and Torkinib; dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors BEZ-235 and Omipalisib; and the mTORC1/2 inhibitor OSI-027. These compounds were used both as monotherapy and in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitor AS-703026. mTOR kinase inhibitors, especially the third generation in combination with the MEK 1/2 kinase inhibitor AS-703026, significantly inhibited invasion and metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity in melanoma cell lines. The inhibition of the cell invasion process was accompanied by a significant change in the expression of proteins associated with EMT. The morphology of cells also changed significantly: their thickness, volume, roughness, convexity of shape, and irregularity, which may be a good diagnostic and prognostic factor for the response to treatment. Our studies to date on the effect of three generations of mTOR kinase inhibitors on the inhibition of the invasion process, the activation of apoptosis, and the reduction in cell proliferation suggest that they may be an important target for anticancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Melanoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics)
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