Heart Failure: New Horizons in Its Pathomechanism and Treatment
A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 4362
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Heart failure is an extremely severe and complex syndrome that is pathophysiologically caused by the over-activation of three pillars: the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, the sympathetic nervous system, and inflammation. Although extensive research has been conducted regarding the development of therapeutic approaches for this problem, the morbidity and mortality rate remains high. According to current guidelines, the contemporaneous application of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, the angiotensin-receptor blocker, the angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor, Beta-blocker, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and Dapagliflozin/Empagliflozin must be employed. Although there has been a reduction in the hospitalization and morbidity rate, it remains high; thus, the enigma of heart failure has not been solved. In this respect, it is urgent that new pathways are searched for in order to obtain a holistic therapy for patients with chronic heart failure.
The gut microbiota is an emerging ‘organ’ that can interact with the human homeostatic system, including its metabolic state, inflammation, neurohumoral and drug resistance, etc. Therefore, we should pay attention to and endeavor to understand this emerging pathway. Indeed, it is well known that exercise and the Mediterranean diet affect the gut microbiota in a positive way, thus protecting the cardiovascular system and reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
Ultimately, heart failure is caused by a lack of energy. Energy is contributed by the mitochondria, organelles that merit our attention and research. The organelles involved in energy production are a source of free radical production and unfolded proteins, and the promotion of inflammation. Accordingly, inflammation and heart failure are intimately related, and the addition of novel therapeutic paths is necessary. Thus, if we can obtain knowledge pertaining to these new pathways, we can hope to discover novel therapeutic horizons and enhance treatment for our patients.
Prof. Dr. Ioannis A. Paraskevaidis
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- arrhythmias
- cardiology
- angiotensin
- cardiovascular disease
- mitochondria
- inflammation
- heart failure
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