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Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 1328

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Guest Editor
W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA
Interests: nervous system; cell adhesion molecules; development; synaptic function and plasticity; recovery after trauma; spinal cord injury; traumatic brain injury; neurodegenerative diseases; microglia; mitochondria
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Dear Colleagues,

Cell adhesion molecules not only play a role in cell recognition but are also important in the cell that responds to the recognition event. Adhesion molecules are not only expressed at the cell surface but also in the extracellular matrix, which comprises the ligands for particular cell surface receptor molecules. A rough estimate suggests that at least 1000 molecules of these kinds exist, including their splice variants, which are expressed not only in the central and peripheral nervous systems but also in organs that display similar functions, such as the immune system, kidneys and reproductive systems. Upon the initiation of recognition events, the cell responds with intracellular signaling cascades, which can evoke a broad spectrum of cascades that determine whether a ligand–receptor couple initiates certain functions, such as cell migration and survival, as well as neurite outgrowth or inhibition and synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. All of these functions are important for the development of an adult nervous system, reacting positively or negatively to its microenvironment. Signaling molecules may affect, for instance, the cytoskeleton, mitochondria and autophagosomes, as well as translation and transcription. These events are crucial to such development as they respond to environmental cues in regeneration after trauma. Mutations of adhesion molecules result in many diseases. The outcomes of mutations have been studied in humans and several animal models, including mouse and zebrafish. The elucidation of the consequences of mutations will help us to design agents to ameliorate the consequences of mutations in diseases and aging.

Prof. Dr. Melitta Schachner
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • adhesion molecule
  • signal transduction
  • translation
  • transcription
  • mitophagy
  • autophagy
  • synapse formation
  • synaptic plasticity
  • neural diseases
  • aging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 9987 KiB  
Article
Sarcoglycans Role in Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell Adhesion of Human Articular Chondrocytes: New Insights from siRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing
by Antonio Centofanti, Michele Runci Anastasi, Fabiana Nicita, Davide Labellarte, Michele Scuruchi, Alice Pantano, Josè Freni, Angelo Favaloro and Giovanna Vermiglio
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(12), 5732; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125732 - 15 Jun 2025
Viewed by 249
Abstract
Chondrocytes maintain cartilage integrity through coordinated regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and remodeling. These processes depend on ECM dynamic interactions, mediated by integrin-based focal adhesions and associated cytoskeletal components. While the roles of core adhesion proteins are well described, the involvement of [...] Read more.
Chondrocytes maintain cartilage integrity through coordinated regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and remodeling. These processes depend on ECM dynamic interactions, mediated by integrin-based focal adhesions and associated cytoskeletal components. While the roles of core adhesion proteins are well described, the involvement of sarcoglycans (SGs) remains unclear in chondrocytes. Drawing parallels from striated muscle, where the SG subcomplex stabilizes the sarcolemma, we hypothesized that SGs similarly integrate into chondrocyte adhesion complexes. This study investigated the SGs (α, β, γ, δ) expression with cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins, including actin and vinculin, in human chondrocytes cultured by immunofluorescence, qPCR, and siRNA-mediated silencing. All four SG isoforms were expressed in the cytoplasmic and membrane domains, with enrichment at focal adhesion sites. Double labeling revealed SG colocalization with F-actin stress fibers and vinculin, indicating integration into the core adhesion complex. Silencing of each SG resulted in disrupted actin stress fibers, diffuse vinculin distribution, reduced focal plaque number, and a change in cell morphology. These findings support the hypothesis that SGs regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics and focal contact stabilization. Loss of SG function compromises chondrocyte shape and adhesion, highlighting the importance of these glycoproteins also in non-muscle cells. Full article
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Review

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14 pages, 629 KiB  
Review
The Significance of Nectin Family Proteins in Various Cancerogenous Processes
by Wiktoria Romańczyk and Anna Pryczynicz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073200 - 30 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Nectins constitute a family of Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules. They are involved in cell proliferation, morphogenesis, growth, development, and immune modulation. Due to their broad involvement in physiological processes, extensive research is being conducted on the expression of individual nectins in a variety [...] Read more.
Nectins constitute a family of Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules. They are involved in cell proliferation, morphogenesis, growth, development, and immune modulation. Due to their broad involvement in physiological processes, extensive research is being conducted on the expression of individual nectins in a variety of cancers and their potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The overexpression of nectin-1 may be a poor prognostic factor in gastrointestinal cancers (intestine and pancreas). Similarly, the overexpression of nectin-2 is a worse prognostic factor (greater tumor advancement and shorter patient survival) in cancers such as gallbladder, esophagus, and breast cancer. Changes in nectin-3 expression also affect the advancement of, e.g., colorectal cancer. Additionally, a significant factor here seems to be the change in the localization of nectin-3 expression within cellular structures. The most extensively studied nectin-4 also shows prognostic potential in many cancers. Most often, its high expression correlates with poor prognosis (e.g., gastric cancer), but it may also be a positive prognostic factor, e.g., in salivary gland cancer. Therapy based on nectin-4 is already known and used in the case of urothelial cancers. The expression of nectin-like protein 5 (necl-5) also shows prognostic and therapeutic potential in pancreatic and lung cancers, as well as in multiple myeloma. Full article
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