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Cellulose and Its Applications
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Cellulose and Its Applications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 9586

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Suresh Valiyaveettil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
Interests: functional polymers; nanomaterials; exploring the mechanism of nanosafety/nanotoxicity; environmental impact of microplastics in the environment; materials for environmental applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exponential growth in the use of synthetic polymers has led to the accumulation of plastic wastes in the environment, which is causing significant ecological and environmental pollution problems. Such problems can only be solved by finding substitutes for synthetic polymers, which are biodegradable and nontoxic in nature. Cellulose is a naturally abundant polymer with many interesting properties; both natural cellulose and its chemically modified derivatives are used in areas such as biomedical science, environmental science, catalysis, and sustainable packaging. Such wide use of cellulose is facilitated by its easy accessibility, biocompatibility, high mechanical stability, and unique physiochemical properties. Nanocellulose extracted from natural cellulose also shows interesting properties, such as high surface activity due to a large number of functional groups, excellent hydrophilicity, and biodegradability. Cellulose has been employed in water purifications as functional fibers, nanoadsorbents, membranes, and hydrogels to remove all types of dissolved pollutants. In addition to cellulose, many other natural polymers, such as starch, alginate, and chitin, are used to mitigate the environmental problems and as a potential substitute to synthetic polymers. This Special Issue will cover all cellulose-related materials and biopolymers used in various applications.

Dr. Suresh Valiyaveettil
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cellulose
  • biomedical applications
  • nanocomposites
  • biodegradable polymers
  • water purification
  • nanocellulose

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2137 KiB  
Article
Hyperelastic Properties of Bamboo Cellulosic Fibre–Reinforced Silicone Rubber Biocomposites via Compression Test
by Siti Humairah Kamarul Bahrain, Nor Nabilah Che Abd Rahim, Jamaluddin Mahmud, M. N. Mohammed, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas, Samah Elsayed Alkhatib and M. R. M. Asyraf
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116338 - 06 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2730
Abstract
Materials that exhibit highly nonlinear behaviour are intricate to study. This is due to their physical properties, as they possess a very large deformation. Silicone rubber is among the materials that can be classified as possessing such characteristics, despite their being soft and [...] Read more.
Materials that exhibit highly nonlinear behaviour are intricate to study. This is due to their physical properties, as they possess a very large deformation. Silicone rubber is among the materials that can be classified as possessing such characteristics, despite their being soft and frequently applied in medical applications. Due to their low mechanical properties, however, it is believed that a filler addition could enhance them. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of the addition of bamboo cellulosic filler to silicone rubber in terms of its compressive properties in order to quantify its material constants using the hyperelastic theory, specifically the Neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin models. The specimens’ compressive properties were also compared between specimens immersed in seawater and those not immersed in seawater. The findings showed that the compressive properties, stiffness, and compressive strength of the bamboo cellulosic fibre reinforced the silicone rubber biocomposites, improved with higher bamboo filler addition. Specimens immersed in seawater showed that they can withstand a compressive load of up to 83.16 kPa in comparison to specimens not immersed in seawater (up to 79.8 kPa). Using the hyperelastic constitutive models, the Mooney–Rivlin model displayed the most accurate performance curve fit with the experimental compression data with an R2 of up to 0.9999. The material constant values also revealed that the specimens immersed in seawater improved in stiffness property, as the C1 material constant values are higher than for the specimens not immersed in seawater. From these findings, this study has shown that bamboo cellulosic filler added into silicone rubber enhances the material’s compressive properties and that the rubber further improves with immersion in seawater. Thus, these findings contribute significantly towards knowledge of bamboo cellulosic fibre–reinforced silicone rubber biocomposite materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellulose and Its Applications)
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14 pages, 5256 KiB  
Article
Variants of Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose and Their Distinct Effects on Neuronal Tissue
by Joshua Kleine, Sandra Leisz, Chalid Ghadban, Tim Hohmann, Julian Prell, Christian Scheller, Christian Strauss, Sebastian Simmermacher and Faramarz Dehghani
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11467; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111467 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1998
Abstract
Based on oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC), several hemostyptic materials, such as Tabotamp®, Equicel® and Equitamp®, have been developed to approach challenging hemostasis in neurosurgery. The present study compares ORC that differ in terms of compositions and properties, regarding [...] Read more.
Based on oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC), several hemostyptic materials, such as Tabotamp®, Equicel® and Equitamp®, have been developed to approach challenging hemostasis in neurosurgery. The present study compares ORC that differ in terms of compositions and properties, regarding their structure, solubility, pH values and effects on neuronal tissue. Cytotoxicity was detected via DNA-binding fluorescence dye in Schwann cells, astrocytes, and neuronal cells. Additionally, organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) were analyzed, using propidium iodide, hematoxylin-eosin, and isolectin B4 staining to investigate the cellular damage, cytoarchitecture, and microglia activation. Whereas Equicel® led to a neutral pH, Tabotamp® (pH 2.8) and Equitamp® (pH 4.8) caused a significant reduction of pH (p < 0.001). Equicel® and Tabotamp® increased cytotoxicity significantly in several cell lines (p < 0.01). On OHSC, Tabotamp® and Equicel® led to a stronger and deeper damage to the neuronal tissue than Equitamp® or gauze (p < 0.01). Equicel® increased strongly the number of microglia cells after 24 h (p < 0.001). Microglia cells were not detectable after Tabotamp® treatment, presumably due to an artifact caused by strong pH reduction. In summary, our data imply the use of Equicel®, Tabotamp® or Equitamp® for specific applications in distinct clinical settings depending on their localization or tissue properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellulose and Its Applications)
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11 pages, 10304 KiB  
Article
Flame Retardant Functionalization of Microcrystalline Cellulose by Phosphorylation Reaction with Phytic Acid
by Hua-Bin Yuan, Ren-Cheng Tang and Cheng-Bing Yu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179631 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3624
Abstract
The functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important strategy for broadening its application fields. In the present work, MCC was functionalized by phosphorylation reaction with phytic acid (PA) for enhanced flame retardancy. The conditions of phosphorylation reaction including PA concentration, MCC/PA weight [...] Read more.
The functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important strategy for broadening its application fields. In the present work, MCC was functionalized by phosphorylation reaction with phytic acid (PA) for enhanced flame retardancy. The conditions of phosphorylation reaction including PA concentration, MCC/PA weight ratio and temperature were discussed, and the thermal degradation, heat release and char-forming properties of the resulting PA modified MCC were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. The PA modified MCC, which was prepared at 90 °C, 50%PA and 1:3 weight ratio of MCC to PA, exhibited early thermal dehydration with rapid char formation as well as low heat release capability. This work suggests a novel strategy for the phosphorylation of cellulose using PA and reveals that the PA phosphorylated MCC can act as a promising flame retardant material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellulose and Its Applications)
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