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Thyroid Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Advanced Therapies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 4752

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: endocrine-related adverse events; immune checkpoint inhibitors; thyroid autoimmunity; thyroid cancer; autoimmune diseases; hypophysitis; pituitary

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer (TC), are among the most common diseases in the general population, with a higher incidence in women. The prevention of disease is an ambitious target for clinicians and scientists, but it is not always feasible, mainly due to the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms not being entirely elucidated. Thus, understanding the relevant molecular mechanisms is crucial for proposing novel therapies that can overcome the current barriers to the prevention and treatment of thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. Furthermore, standard treatment, also known as standard of care, may not be suitable or equally effective for every patient.

The aims of this Special Issue are as follows: (a) to highlight recent advances in molecular mechanisms of thyroid disorders and their potential therapeutic implications, and (b) to suggest new treatment strategies overcoming the limitations of current approaches.

The Special Issue will include original research, review articles, short communications, case reports and/or case series addressing the specific aims and objectives outlined.

Dr. Giulia Di Dalmazi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • autoimmune thyroid disease
  • hypothyroidism
  • residual thyroid symptoms
  • thyroid nodules
  • thyroid cancer
  • radioiodine refractory-differentiated thyroid cancer
  • drug discovery
  • novel treatments
  • standard of care

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 439 KiB  
Article
NOS3 Gene Polymorphisms (rs2070744 and rs1799983) and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Investigating Associations with Clinical Outcomes
by Robert Aurelian Tiucă, Raluca Monica Pop, Oana Mirela Tiucă, Claudia Bănescu, Ana Claudia Cârstea, Cristina Preda and Ionela Maria Pașcanu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020759 - 17 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1489
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with genetic factors playing an important role in its development and progression. This study investigated the association between nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene polymorphisms (−786T>C or rs2070744 and Glu298Asp or [...] Read more.
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with genetic factors playing an important role in its development and progression. This study investigated the association between nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene polymorphisms (−786T>C or rs2070744 and Glu298Asp or c.894T>G or rs1799983) and the clinical characteristics and outcomes of DTC, aiming to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for prognosis. A case-control study was conducted, enrolling 172 individuals from the Endocrinology Clinics of Târgu Mureș and Iași, Romania, between 2021 and 2023. This study included 88 patients with DTC and 84 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the NOS3 polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The distribution of the rs2070744 and rs1799983 polymorphisms showed no significant differences between the patients with DTC and healthy controls (p = 0.387 and p = 0.329, respectively). Furthermore, no significant associations were found between these polymorphisms and key clinical outcomes such as biochemical control, structural control, or loco-regional metastases. Our findings indicate that NOS3 rs2070744 and rs1799983 gene polymorphisms do not significantly influence the clinical outcomes of DTC, suggesting their limited utility as biomarkers for DTC prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Advanced Therapies)
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Review

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18 pages, 3229 KiB  
Review
Promising Role of Alkaloids in the Prevention and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence
by Giulia Di Dalmazi, Cesidio Giuliani, Ines Bucci, Marco Mascitti and Giorgio Napolitano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5395; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105395 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) and thyroid autoimmune disorders (AITD) are among the most common diseases in the general population, with higher incidence in women. Chronic inflammation and autoimmunity play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Some studies, indeed, have pointed out the presence of AITD [...] Read more.
Thyroid cancer (TC) and thyroid autoimmune disorders (AITD) are among the most common diseases in the general population, with higher incidence in women. Chronic inflammation and autoimmunity play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Some studies, indeed, have pointed out the presence of AITD as a risk factor for TC, although this issue remains controversial. Prevention of autoimmune disease and cancer is the ultimate goal for clinicians and scientists, but it is not always feasible. Thus, new treatments, that overcome the current barriers to prevention and treatment of TC and AITD are needed. Alkaloids are secondary plant metabolites endowed with several biological activities including anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. In this perspective, alkaloids may represent a promising source of prophylactic and therapeutic agents for TC and AITD. This review encompasses the current published literature on alkaloids effects on TC and AITD, with a specific focus on the pathways involved in TC and AITD development and progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Advanced Therapies)
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