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Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts
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Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 5484

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yurii V. Larichev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
2. Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Interests: supported catalysts; porous materials; nanocomposites; sols; nanoparticles; crude oils; methods characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heterogeneous catalysts are one of the oldest and most important branches in the science of catalysis. Large-tonnage processes such as petroleum industry, fertilizers and polymers production and other chemicals make great use of heterogeneous catalysts. Therefore, industrially significant reactions constantly need new generations of heterogeneous catalysts with ever-higher performance compared to their predecessors. Ensuring the progress of their development often requires knowledge from different areas which, at first sight, are loosely related to each other—for example, the stability of colloidal metal nanoparticles in solution and the formation of ordered porous oxide materials with a high specific surface area; segregation processes in various alloys and partial oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons; and the formation of defects in the structure of solids and the adsorption processes on the different types of metal faces. Using different relationships from various areas of knowledge, researchers are able to both improve existing catalytic systems and create completely new catalysts for new reactions. In addition, the development of physical methods for nanomaterials investigation makes it possible to better understand the fine details of various structural and electronic interactions within them, which can be very important for tuning their catalytic properties. On this basis, this Special Issue titled “Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts” is devoted to the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts, their study using physical methods, as well as the search for various relationships that affect the structure of materials and their catalytic properties. Non-standard and unusual systems are welcome, as well as methods and approaches for interpreting data.

Dr. Yurii V. Larichev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal catalysts
  • oxide catalysts
  • catalytic reactions
  • functional materials
  • nanoparticles
  • defect structure
  • methods characterization
  • sol–gel
  • in situ

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3775 KiB  
Article
Aluminium-Based Metal–Organic Framework Nano Cuboids and Nanoflakes with Embedded Gold Nanoparticles for Carbon Dioxide Fixation with Epoxides into Cyclic Esters
by Gabriela Kopacka, Kinga Wasiluk, Pawel W. Majewski, Michał Kopyt, Piotr Kwiatkowski and Elżbieta Megiel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021020 - 13 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1375
Abstract
The fixation of carbon dioxide with epoxides is one of the most attractive methods for the green utilisation of this greenhouse gas and leads to many valuable chemicals. This process is characterised by 100% atom efficiency; however, an efficient catalyst is required to [...] Read more.
The fixation of carbon dioxide with epoxides is one of the most attractive methods for the green utilisation of this greenhouse gas and leads to many valuable chemicals. This process is characterised by 100% atom efficiency; however, an efficient catalyst is required to achieve satisfactory yields. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognised as being extremely promising for this purpose. Nevertheless, many of the proposed catalysts are based on ions of rare elements or elements not entirely safe for the environment; this is notable with commercially unavailable ligands. In an effort to develop novel catalysts for CO2 fixation on an industrial scale, we propose novel MOFs, which consist of aluminium ions coordinated with commercially available 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (Al@NDC) and their nanocomposites with gold nanoparticles entrapped inside their structure (AlAu@NDC). Due to the application of 4-amino triazole and 5-amino tetrazole as crystallization mediators, the morphology of the synthesised materials can be modified. The introduction of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the structure of the synthesised Al-based MOFs causes the change in morphology from nano cuboids to nanoflakes, simultaneously decreasing their porosity. However, the homogeneity of the nanostructures in the system is preserved. All synthesised MOF materials are highly crystalline, and the simulation of PXRD patterns suggests the same tetragonal crystallographic system for all fabricated nanomaterials. The fabricated materials are proven to be highly efficient catalysts for carbon dioxide cycloaddition with a series of model epoxides: epichlorohydrin; glycidol; styrene oxide; and propylene oxide. Applying the synthesised catalysts enables the reactions to be performed under mild conditions (90 °C; 1 MPa CO2) within a short time and with high conversion and yield (90% conversion of glycidol towards glycerol carbonate with 89% product yield within 2 h). The developed nanocatalysts can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused several times (both conversion and yield do not change after five cycles). The excellent performance of the fabricated catalytic materials might be explained by their high microporosity (from 421 m2 g−1 to 735 m2 g−1); many catalytic centres in the structure exhibit Lewis acids’ behaviour, increased capacity for CO2 adsorption, and high stability. The presence of AuNPs in the synthesised nanocatalysts (0.8% w/w) enables the reaction to be performed with a higher yield within a shorter time; this is especially important for less-active epoxides such as propylene oxide (two times higher yield was obtained using a nanocomposite, in comparison with Al-MOF without nanoparticles). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts)
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14 pages, 6152 KiB  
Article
XPS and HR TEM Elucidation of the Diversity of Titania-Supported Single-Site Ir Catalyst Performance in Spin-Selective Propene Hydrogenation
by Anna V. Nartova, Ren I. Kvon, Larisa M. Kovtunova, Ivan V. Skovpin, Igor V. Koptyug and Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15643; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115643 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 641
Abstract
Immobilized [Ir(COD)Cl]2-Linker/TiO2 catalysts with linkers containing Py, P(Ph)2 and N(CH3)2 functional groups were prepared. The catalysts were tested via propene hydrogenation with parahydrogen in a temperature range from 40 °C to 120 °C which was monitored [...] Read more.
Immobilized [Ir(COD)Cl]2-Linker/TiO2 catalysts with linkers containing Py, P(Ph)2 and N(CH3)2 functional groups were prepared. The catalysts were tested via propene hydrogenation with parahydrogen in a temperature range from 40 °C to 120 °C which was monitored via NMR. The catalytic behavior of [Ir(COD)Cl]2-Linker/TiO2 is explained on the basis of quantitative and qualitative XPS data analysis performed for the catalysts before and after the reaction at 120 °C. It is shown that the temperature dependence of propene conversion and the enhancement of the NMR signal are explained via a combination of the stabilities of both the linker and immobilized [Ir(COD)Cl]2 complex. It is demonstrated that the N(CH3)2-linker is the most stable at the surface of TiO2 under used reaction conditions. As a result, only this sample shows a rise in the enhancement of the NMR signal in the 100–120 °C temperature range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts)
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9 pages, 1672 KiB  
Article
Using the Colloidal Method to Prepare Au Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aniline by Benzyl Alcohol
by Luka V. Hare, Firdaus Parveen, James Cookson, Peter R. Ellis, Klaus Hellgardt and King Kuok (Mimi) Hii
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914779 - 30 Sep 2023
Viewed by 783
Abstract
Using the colloidal method, attempts were made to deposit Au NPs on seven different material supports (TiO2, α and γ-Al2O3, HFeO2, CeO2, C, and SiO2). The deposition between 0.8 and 1 [...] Read more.
Using the colloidal method, attempts were made to deposit Au NPs on seven different material supports (TiO2, α and γ-Al2O3, HFeO2, CeO2, C, and SiO2). The deposition between 0.8 and 1 wt% of Au NPs can be generally achieved, apart for SiO2 (no deposition) and α-alumina (0.3 wt%). The resultant sizes of the Au NPs were dependent on the nature as well as the surface area of the support. The catalytic activity and selectivity of the supported Au catalysts were then compared in the alkylation of aniline by benzyl alcohol. Correlations were made between the nature of the support, the size of the Au NP, and the H-binding energy. A minimum H-binding energy of 1100 μV K−1 was found to be necessary for high selectivity for the secondary amine. Comparisons of the TEM images of the pre- and post-reaction catalysts also revealed the extent of Au NP agglomeration under the reaction conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts)
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17 pages, 9060 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of α-Diimine Complex Enabling Rapidly Covalent Attachment to Silica Supports and Application of Homo-/Heterogeneous Catalysts in Ethylene Polymerization
by Xiaobei Zhao, Yanhui Hou, Linlin Ye, Kening Zong, Qingming An, Binyuan Liu and Min Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13645; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713645 - 4 Sep 2023
Viewed by 795
Abstract
For covalent attachment-supported α-diimine catalysts, on the basis of ensuring the thermal stability and activity of the catalysts, the important problem is that the active group on the catalyst can quickly react with the support, anchoring it firmly on the support, shortening the [...] Read more.
For covalent attachment-supported α-diimine catalysts, on the basis of ensuring the thermal stability and activity of the catalysts, the important problem is that the active group on the catalyst can quickly react with the support, anchoring it firmly on the support, shortening the loading time, reducing the negative impact of the support on the active centers, and further improving the polymer morphology, which makes them suitable for use in industrial polymerization temperatures. Herein, we synthesized a α-diimine nickel(II) catalyst bearing four hydroxyl substituents. The hydroxyl substituents enable the catalyst to be immobilized firmly on silica support by covalent linkage in 5–10 min. Compared with the toluene solvent system, the homogeneous catalysts show high activity and thermal stability in hexane solvent at the same conditions. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysis leads to improvements in catalyst lifetime, polymer morphology control, catalytic activity, and the molecular weight of polyethylene (up to 679 kg/mol). The silica-supported catalysts resulted in higher melting temperatures as well as lower branching densities in polyethylenes. Even at 70 °C, the polyethylene prepared by S-CatA-2 still exhibits dispersed particle morphology, and there is no phenomenon of reactor fouling, which is suitable for industrial polymerization processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts)
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27 pages, 13491 KiB  
Article
Dry Reforming of Methane over 5%Ni/Ce1-xTixO2 Catalysts Obtained via Synthesis in Supercritical Isopropanol
by Ekaterina Smal, Yulia Bespalko, Marina Arapova, Valeria Fedorova, Konstantin Valeev, Nikita Eremeev, Ekaterina Sadovskaya, Tamara Krieger, Tatiana Glazneva, Vladislav Sadykov and Mikhail Simonov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119680 - 2 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1013
Abstract
A series of 5%Ni/Ce1-xTixO2 catalysts was prepared with nickel impregnation of mixed Ce–Ti oxides obtained via synthesis in supercritical isopropanol. All oxides have a cubic fluorite phase structure. Ti is incorporated into the fluorite structure. Small amounts of [...] Read more.
A series of 5%Ni/Ce1-xTixO2 catalysts was prepared with nickel impregnation of mixed Ce–Ti oxides obtained via synthesis in supercritical isopropanol. All oxides have a cubic fluorite phase structure. Ti is incorporated into the fluorite structure. Small amounts of impurities of TiO2 or mixed Ce–Ti oxides appear with Ti introduction. Supported Ni is presented as the NiO or NiTiO3 perovskite phase. Ti introduction increases total samples reducibility and results in stronger interaction of supported Ni with the oxide support. The fraction of rapidly replaced oxygen and the average tracer diffusion coefficient also increase. The number of metallic nickel sites decreased with increasing Ti content. All catalysts except Ni-CeTi0.45 demonstrate close activity in tests of dry reforming of methane. The lower activity of Ni-CeTi0.45 can be connected to Ni decoration with species of the oxide support. The incorporation of Ti prevents detachment of Ni particles from the surface and their sintering during dry reforming of methane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts)
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