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Eosinophils: Current Status and Future Perspective in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2024) | Viewed by 6711

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: allergy; asthma; Immune; lipopolysaccharide; lung; monocytes; macrophages

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eosinophils play a key role in physiological processes, such as metabolism, tissue remodelling, microbiome regulation, and combating infections. Eosinophils-mediated inflammation is also involved in many pathological conditions, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, gastrointestinal disorders, vasculitis, hypereosinophilic syndromes, and certain cancers. In recent years, the introduction of biological drugs targeting eosinophils has greatly increased the interest in these cells, which is now a field of changing perspectives and new emerging directions.

This broad research theme welcomes original research, meta-analyses, and review articles from several perspectives, including basic, clinical, and translational research. This collection aims to provide important insight into the role of eosinophils in tissue homeostasis, host defence, and pathological conditions. We also encourage the submission of manuscripts focusing on eosinophil biology, the characterization of their subtypes, the novel biomarkers of eosinophilic activation, and eosinophil-targeted biologics.

This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Francescopaolo Granata and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Ilaria Mormile (University of Naples Federico II). We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Francescopaolo Granata
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • eosinophils
  • inflammation
  • hypereosinophilic syndrome
  • asthma
  • allergic disease
  • biomarkers
  • cytokines
  • IL-5
  • biologic drugs

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 1482 KiB  
Review
Eosinophil-Driven vs. Eosinophil-Associated Severe Asthma: Practical Implications for Target Treatment
by Valentina D’Aiuto, Ilaria Mormile, Francescopaolo Granata, Antonio Romano, Francesca Della Casa, Gabriele Mignogna, Amato de Paulis and Francesca Wanda Rossi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1729; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041729 - 18 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting approximately 10% of asthmatic patients, and eosinophils are considered key pathogenetic actors in a significant number of patients. Biological therapies have been demonstrated to improve asthma control by decreasing exacerbation rates and reducing the [...] Read more.
Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting approximately 10% of asthmatic patients, and eosinophils are considered key pathogenetic actors in a significant number of patients. Biological therapies have been demonstrated to improve asthma control by decreasing exacerbation rates and reducing the use of oral corticosteroids. In this context, phenotyping and endotyping patients with SA is essential for selecting the most effective therapeutic approach. For this purpose, biomarkers such as IgE, absolute blood eosinophil count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are crucial in defining a patient’s inflammatory profile. Their integration provides a framework for classifying asthma into T2-high, T2-mild, or T2-low categories, guiding personalized treatment strategies. By incorporating multiple biomarkers into a unified model, it is possible to better stratify patients and optimize biologic therapy selection, paving the way for improved outcomes in SA management. This review aims to evaluate the role of phenotyping and endotyping SA patients, with particular attention to the impact of eosinophilic inflammation and combinatory biomarkers on decision-making processes for the selection of biological therapies. Full article
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18 pages, 2585 KiB  
Review
Eosinophils in Oral Disease: A Narrative Review
by Huda Moutaz Asmael Al-Azzawi, Rita Paolini, Nicola Cirillo, Lorraine Ann O’Reilly, Ilaria Mormile, Caroline Moore, Tami Yap and Antonio Celentano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4373; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084373 - 16 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3790
Abstract
The prevalence of diseases characterised by eosinophilia is on the rise, emphasising the importance of understanding the role of eosinophils in these conditions. Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes that contribute to the body’s defence against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, but they [...] Read more.
The prevalence of diseases characterised by eosinophilia is on the rise, emphasising the importance of understanding the role of eosinophils in these conditions. Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes that contribute to the body’s defence against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, but they are also implicated in haemostatic processes, including immunoregulation and allergic reactions. They contain cytoplasmic granules which can be selectively mobilised and secrete specific proteins, including chemokines, cytokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix, and growth factors. There are multiple biological and emerging functions of these specialised immune cells, including cancer surveillance, tissue remodelling and development. Several oral diseases, including oral cancer, are associated with either tissue or blood eosinophilia; however, their exact mechanism of action in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains unclear. This review presents a comprehensive synopsis of the most recent literature for both clinicians and scientists in relation to eosinophils and oral diseases and reveals a significant knowledge gap in this area of research. Full article
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