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NK Cells, Immune Response in Pathology and Cancer, 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 2112

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: forensic sciences; legal medicine; biochemistry; proteomics; genetics; biomedicine; human toxicology; bioethics
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Guest Editor
1. Head of Immunology Service and Director of Regional Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Transplant Immunology, Clinical University Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
2. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
Interests: transplant immunology; tolerance; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Numerous studies relate the role of different immune system biomarkers related to susceptibility, prognostic and predictive factors in several human solid and liquid tumors in humans. However, little is known about innate immune mechanisms that allow a tumor cell to escape from immune control systems.

The innate immune system is a highly dynamic system where different types of cells, ligands, and receptors are involved, including the spatial and temporal components, which are critical because they are associated with age, sex, and life habits interaction with toxics. From the clinical point of view, NK cells are essential for their role in detecting cancer. Besides, these cells present different types of receptors that allow modulating their activity. Most of these receptors tend to be highly polymorphic and tend to present high allelic variability, revealing different omic scenarios (genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics) at the individual level, which searches for cause and effect even more difficult in individuals with tumors.

Given the enormous potential presented by NK analysis, there is a need to characterize, analyze and interpret the receptor and ligand as well as the mechanisms of action in different types of tumors, as well as to create solid and complete databases for full implementation in the clinical context, thus allowing the user to clarify the causes of carcinogenesis, metastasis, recurrence or to estimate the recurrence time, among other uses. Several studies point to a promising future for NK analysis in the different fields of clinical medical science, opening up an important new area of research.

Apart from their indisputable role in cancer, these cells and their cell receptors are also very important in the immune response to transplants, both of solid organs and hematopoietic transplants. The individual variation of the omic relationships of the NK cell could be of great help in determining the cause of heath and sickness.

More published papers could be found in the closed Special Issue: NK Cells, Immune Response in Pathology and Cancer.

Dr. Isabel Legaz Pérez
Dr. Manuel Muro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • NK cells
  • biomarkers
  • innate immune system

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 6661 KiB  
Article
Uncovering the Expression Pattern of the Costimulatory Receptors ICOS, 4-1BB, and OX-40 in Exhausted Peripheral and Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells from Patients with Cervical Cancer
by Jose Manuel Rojas-Diaz, Fabiola Solorzano-Ibarra, Nadia Tatiana Garcia-Barrientos, Ksenia Klimov-Kravtchenko, Marcela Sofia Guitron-Aviña, Jose Alfonso Cruz-Ramos, Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno, Pedro Ivan Urciaga-Gutierrez, Miriam Ruth Bueno-Topete, Mariel Garcia-Chagollan, Jesse Haramati and Susana del Toro-Arreola
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8775; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168775 - 12 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1549
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. NK cells play a crucial role against CC; however, they can become exhausted and lose their cytotoxic capacity. This work explores the expression of costimulatory receptors (ICOS, 4-1BB, OX-40) [...] Read more.
Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. NK cells play a crucial role against CC; however, they can become exhausted and lose their cytotoxic capacity. This work explores the expression of costimulatory receptors (ICOS, 4-1BB, OX-40) in exhausted NK cells from CC patients. Peripheral blood and tumor biopsies were collected, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of costimulatory receptors in exhausted NK cells. There is an increase of peripheral exhausted NK cells (PD-1+TIGIT+) in CC patients; this subpopulation has a selectively increased expression of the costimulatory receptors ICOS and 4-1BB. An exhausted population is also highly increased in tumor-infiltrating NK cells, and it shows a dramatically increased expression of the costimulatory receptors ICOS (>15×) and 4-1BB (>10×) compared to peripheral NK cells. The exhausted cells, both in the periphery and in the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), are also more likely than non-exhausted NK cell populations (PD-1TIGIT) to express these costimulatory receptors; increases ranging from 2.0× ICOS, 2.4× 4-1BB, and 2.6× OX-40 in CD56dim PBMCs to 1.5× ICOS, 5× 4-1BB, and 10× OX-40 in TILs were found. Our study demonstrates for the first time the increased expression of the costimulatory receptors ICOS, 4-1BB, and OX-40 in peripheral CD56dim, CD56bright, and tumor-infiltrating NK cells in CC. Targeting these receptors for stimulation could reverse exhaustion and be a promising immunotherapy strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NK Cells, Immune Response in Pathology and Cancer, 2nd Edition)
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