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New Insights into Male Infertility and Sperm Biology

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 1467

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
Interests: male infertility; sperm biology; oxidative stress; sperm DNA fragmentation; semen analysis; flow cytometry; nutrition; environmental pollution
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Male infertility affects about 7% of men, and, in a large percentage of patients, the causes are unknown. This scenario is expected to worsen in future years as recent data have reported a heavy and still-occurring worldwide decline in sperm count, likely due the deep changes in lifestyle and environmental factors. Routine semen analysis is the cornerstone test for diagnoses of male infertility, but subtler sperm defects than those detected through this test are likely involved. Assisted reproductive technologies provide a chance at parenthood for infertile couples, but their success rate is limited due to the iatrogenic damage occurring during the in vitro manipulation of gametes and embryos.

Hence, there is a need to continue to investigate both the causes of infertility and of damage in sperm structure and function, as well as the factors associated with the decline in the sperm potential of fecundation. Studies concerning sperm DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, and nuclear condensation have developed our knowledge, but there are still uncertainties to be addressed before they can thoroughly benefit the clinical practice. Furthermore, high-throughput techniques, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are expected to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis and sperm function. The goal is to find new strategies of prevention and treatments for male infertility and for sperm populations used in ART.

Being led by Dr. Monica Muratori and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Oumaima Ammar (University of Florence), this Special Issue will focus on novel insights concerning sperm markers for male infertility that have been established by recent research or are promising according to emerging data. With your distinguished expertise in this area, we invite you to consider submitting a contribution to this Special Issue.

Dr. Monica Muratori
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • male infertility
  • sperm DNA fragmentation
  • sperm oxidative stress
  • sperm nuclear condensation
  • assisted reproductive technologies
  • genomics
  • epigenomics
  • transcriptomics
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5669 KiB  
Article
Hedgehog Signaling Functions in Spermatogenesis and Keeping Hemolymph–Testis Barrier Stability in Eriocheir sinensis
by Jun-Jie Yu, Hong-Yu Qi, Zhan Zhao, Yu Yang, Shuang-Yi Zhang, Fu-Qing Tan and Wan-Xi Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5378; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115378 - 4 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays important roles in the development of the nervous system (Sonic hedgehog), bone, cartilage (Indian Hedgehog) and testis (Desert Hedgehog). Research on HH and testes has mostly been conducted in HH-knockout mice and rats, etc. The relationship between HH [...] Read more.
Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays important roles in the development of the nervous system (Sonic hedgehog), bone, cartilage (Indian Hedgehog) and testis (Desert Hedgehog). Research on HH and testes has mostly been conducted in HH-knockout mice and rats, etc. The relationship between HH and cellular junctions has mostly been found in the nervous system and intestine. However, few research studies concerning the link between HH signaling and cell junctions in testis function have been reported. We identified the members of HH signaling that are involved in Eriocheir sinensis testes: HH, Smoothen, Patched, Kif27 and Ci. HH has only one homolog in E. sinensis and is expressed in several types of germ cells in the testes. We found that Kif27 colocalized with Ci in the testes. The knockdown of HH induced enlarged interstitial spaces of the seminiferous tubules. A biotin–streptavidin immunofluorescence experiment indicated that the hemolymph–testis barrier (HTB) was disrupted. Western blot results showed that pinin, HH signaling and cell proliferation- and apoptosis-related protein levels were downregulated. Further immunofluorescent results showed the dislocation of several junction proteins, the abnormality of F-actin and the slowdown of germ cell proliferation and apoptosis. While β-catenin entered the spermatocyte nucleus, it did not activate Wnt-β-catenin signaling, which indicated that the disturbance of the cell cycle in germ cells was not caused by Wnt-β-catenin signaling. In summary, HH signaling plays some roles beyond our understanding in the regulation of the HTB and the germ cell cycle in E. sinensis testes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Male Infertility and Sperm Biology)
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Review

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20 pages, 1256 KiB  
Review
Hurdles of Sperm Success: Exploring the Role of DNases
by Jaime Gosálvez, Carmen López-Fernández, Javier Bartolomé-Nebreda and Carlos García de la Vega
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146789 - 15 Jul 2025
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Abstract
The incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the ejaculate has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its negative impact on reproductive outcomes. SDF involves two primary types of damage to the canonical double helix of DNA: single-strand breaks and double-strand [...] Read more.
The incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the ejaculate has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its negative impact on reproductive outcomes. SDF involves two primary types of damage to the canonical double helix of DNA: single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks. Both of these can occur throughout the entire process of gametogenesis. Determining the precise causes of elevated SDF remains challenging, as it is influenced by a wide range of physiological processes and environmental factors. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying SDF, with a particular emphasis on the critical role of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) across different stages of male gamete development, as well as their relevance in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Male Infertility and Sperm Biology)
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