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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases, 4th Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 2322

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress (OS) is frequently described as the balance between the production of reactive species (RS), including oxygen and nitrogen, in biological systems and the ability of the latter to defend themselves through sophisticated antioxidant machinery. At physiological levels, some oxidants, in controlled amounts, possess important signaling functions within the cell. Specifically, cells can generate RS with the function of second messengers, using them for intracellular signaling and stimulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways to modify the cellular content of cytoprotective regulatory proteins. In fact, the redox state in the cell is normally regulated by a complex endogenous antioxidant system composed of proteins with enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic proteins able to quickly neutralize or ensure a low production of RS. Nevertheless, when oxidants are produced in excess or when the antioxidant defenses that regulate them are ineffective, this balance can be perturbed, thus resulting in the development of an oxidative condition. Oxidative products are highly reactive and can directly or indirectly modulate the functions of many enzymes and transcription factors through complex signaling cascades. In particular, some of the pathways are preferentially linked to enhanced survival, while others are more frequently associated with cell death and constitute important avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at limiting oxidative damage or, alternatively, attenuating its consequences. Furthermore, the magnitude and exposure of the insult, as well as the cell type involved, are key elements in defining which pathways are activated as well as the final cell outcome.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect and contribute to the dissemination of high-quality research articles as well as review articles focusing on the relationship between oxidative stress-related diseases and cellular responses in different pathologies, including ischemic stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, molecular targets of cellular membranes, as well as their potential modulation under oxidative stress, will also be considered in an attempt to provide more information about cell responses to oxidative stress and its possible modulation by novel pharmacological strategies.

Dr. Alessia Remigante
Dr. Rossana Morabito
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • molecular targets of oxidative stress in oxidative stress related-diseases
  • oxidative stress and oxidative stress-related pathologies
  • cellular response to oxidative stress
  • oxidative stress and apoptosis in oxidative stress-related diseases
  • oxidative stress and related cell signaling
  • cell adaptation to oxidative stress
  • biomarkers of oxidative stress in disease
  • beneficial effects of natural or synthetic antioxidants in oxidative stress-related diseases

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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24 pages, 5714 KiB  
Article
Iron Overload-Related Oxidative Stress Leads to Hyperphosphorylation and Altered Anion Exchanger 1 (Band 3) Function in Erythrocytes from Subjects with β-Thalassemia Minor
by Sara Spinelli, Elisabetta Straface, Lucrezia Gambardella, Daniele Caruso, Silvia Dossena, Angela Marino, Rossana Morabito and Alessia Remigante
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1593; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041593 - 13 Feb 2025
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Abstract
β-thalassemia, a hereditary hemoglobinopathy, is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of the β-globin chains of hemoglobin. Three clinical conditions are recognized: β-thalassemia major, β-thalassemia intermedia, and β-thalassemia minor (β-Thal+). This latter condition occurs when an individual inherits a mutated β-globin [...] Read more.
β-thalassemia, a hereditary hemoglobinopathy, is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of the β-globin chains of hemoglobin. Three clinical conditions are recognized: β-thalassemia major, β-thalassemia intermedia, and β-thalassemia minor (β-Thal+). This latter condition occurs when an individual inherits a mutated β-globin gene from one parent. In erythrocytes from β-Thal+ subjects, the excess α-globin chains produce unstable α-tetramers, which can induce substantial oxidative stress leading to plasma membrane and cytoskeleton damage, as well as deranged cellular function. In the present study, we hypothesized that increased oxidative stress might lead to structural rearrangements in erythrocytes from β-Thal+ volunteers and functional alterations of ion transport proteins, including band 3 protein. The data obtained showed significant modifications of the cellular shape in erythrocytes from β-Thal+ subjects. In particular, a significantly increased number of elliptocytes was observed. Interestingly, iron overload, detected in erythrocytes from β-Thal+ subjects, provoked a significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), overactivation of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, and glutathione depletion, resulting in (a) increased lipid peroxidation, (b) protein sulfhydryl group (-SH) oxidation. Iron overload-related oxidative stress affected Na+/K+-ATPase activity, which in turn may have contributed to impaired β-Thal+ erythrocyte deformability. As a result, alterations in the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins, including α/β-spectrin, protein 4.1, and α-actin, in erythrocytes from β-Thal+ subjects have been detected. Significantly, oxidative stress was also associated with increased phosphorylation and altered band 3 ion transport activity, as well as increased oxidized hemoglobin, which led to abnormal clustering and redistribution of band 3 on the plasma membrane. Taken together, these findings contribute to elucidating potential oxidative stress-related perturbations of ion transporters and associated cytoskeletal proteins, which may affect erythrocyte and systemic homeostasis in β-Thal+ subjects. Full article
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15 pages, 1727 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Homeostasis in Follicular Fluid and Embryo Quality—A Pilot Study
by Ana Jeremic, Mladenko Vasiljevic, Zeljko Mikovic, Zoran Bukumiric, Petar Simic, Tamara Stanisavljevic, Tatjana Simic and Tatjana Djukic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010388 - 4 Jan 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1032 | Correction
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure the different redox biomarker levels within the follicular fluid (FF) and evaluate correlations with embryo quality using the one follicle–one oocyte/embryo approach. The prospective study included 54 women (average age 34.6 ± 3.0 years). Out [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to measure the different redox biomarker levels within the follicular fluid (FF) and evaluate correlations with embryo quality using the one follicle–one oocyte/embryo approach. The prospective study included 54 women (average age 34.6 ± 3.0 years). Out of the 235 mature metaphase II cells that underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection, fertilization was achieved in 177 cells, producing 92 Grade I embryos, 26 Grade II embryos, 39 Grade III embryos, and 20 Grade IV embryos. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione transferase were significantly higher in the group consisting of lower-quality (Grades II–IV) embryos in comparison with top-quality (Grade I) embryos (p = 0.011; p = 0.021; p = 0.008, respectively). The concentration of oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and thiol groups was significantly increased in the group with lower-quality embryos (Grades II–IV) compared to top-quality embryos (0.027; 0.018; 0.021, respectively). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between each oxidative marker and the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed (p < 0.001). According to our findings, the best embryos and, consequently, better in vitro fertilization outcomes are linked to low levels of oxidative stress and low antioxidant enzyme activity. Full article
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1 pages, 139 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Jeremic et al. Oxidative Homeostasis in Follicular Fluid and Embryo Quality—A Pilot Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 388
by Ana Jeremic, Mladenko Vasiljevic, Zeljko Mikovic, Zoran Bukumiric, Petar Simic, Tamara Stanisavljevic, Tatjana Simic and Tatjana Djukic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(8), 3560; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083560 - 10 Apr 2025
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Abstract
There was an error in the original publication [...] Full article
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