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Recent Progress with Duchenne Disease: From Molecular Pathology to Therapies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 4268

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
Interests: DMD; BMD; neuromuscular diseases; gene therapies; genetic therapies; transcriptomic; rare diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although the genetic cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been known since the 1980s, some key points of its pathophysiology have yet to be clarified. For instance, the reason for the non-uniform DMD mRNA expression throughout its length with the 3’-end less expressed than the 5’-end, a phenomenon also known as transcript imbalance, has not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, some studies have reported impaired intracellular trafficking of the DMD transcript, which tends to be retained in the nuclei of DMD patient cells and muscle biopsies from the DMD mdx mouse model. Apparently, the DMD transcript is not the only one that undergoes structural changes during DMD disease; the chromatin at the DMD locus also becomes more compact and less prone to transcription. Furthermore, probably due to the lack of a deep understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, the phenotype–genotype correlation is still difficult to determine in DMD children, especially with regard to cognitive impairment, given the high number of DMD splicing variants, whose rules, localisations and interactions are still unclear. Improving our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy would have a significant impact on the development of genetic therapies, clinical management of patients and more accurate genomic counseling. This Special Issue welcomes original research articles, reviews and case studies reporting new findings on the molecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, descriptions of molecular assays for pathology studies and diagnostic purposes, and articles reporting improvements in current or new therapies.

Systematic reviews and critical analyses describing state-of-the-art knowledge and treatment of DMD disease will also be considered.

Dr. Rachele Rossi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • duchenne and becker muscular dystrophy
  • DMD transcript studies
  • molecular mechanisms
  • translational medicine
  • biology of myopathies
  • DMD gene therapies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 10244 KiB  
Article
Angiopoietin 1 Attenuates Dysregulated Angiogenesis in the Gastrocnemius of DMD Mice
by Andrew McClennan and Lisa Hoffman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11824; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111824 - 4 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease caused by a lack of functional dystrophin. Ang 1 paracrine signalling maintains the endothelial barrier of blood vessels, preventing plasma leakage. Chronic inflammation, a consequence of DMD, causes endothelial barrier dysfunction in skeletal muscle. [...] Read more.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease caused by a lack of functional dystrophin. Ang 1 paracrine signalling maintains the endothelial barrier of blood vessels, preventing plasma leakage. Chronic inflammation, a consequence of DMD, causes endothelial barrier dysfunction in skeletal muscle. We aim to elucidate changes in the DMD mouse’s gastrocnemius microvascular niche following local administration of Ang 1. Gastrocnemii were collected from eight-week-old mdx/utrn+/− and healthy mice. Additional DMD cohort received an intramuscular injection of Ang 1 to gastrocnemius and contralateral control. Gastrocnemii were collected for analysis after two weeks. Using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription, we demonstrated an abundance of endothelial cells in DMD mouse’s gastrocnemius, but morphology and gene expression were altered. Myofiber perimeters were shorter in DMD mice. Following Ang 1 treatment, fewer endothelial cells were present, and microvessels were more circular. Vegfr1, Vegfr2, and Vegfa expression in Ang 1-treated gastronemii increased, while myofiber size distribution was consistent with vehicle-only gastrocnemii. These results suggest robust angiogenesis in DMD mice, but essential genes were underexpressed—furthermore, exogenous Ang 1 attenuated angiogenesis. Consequentially, gene expression increased. The impact must be investigated further, as Ang 1 therapy may be pivotal in restoring the skeletal muscle microvascular niche. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 3148 KiB  
Review
Circadian Clock in Muscle Disease Etiology and Therapeutic Potential for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
by Tali Kiperman and Ke Ma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4767; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094767 - 27 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Circadian clock and clock-controlled output pathways exert temporal control in diverse aspects of skeletal muscle physiology, including the maintenance of muscle mass, structure, function, and metabolism. They have emerged as significant players in understanding muscle disease etiology and potential therapeutic avenues, particularly in [...] Read more.
Circadian clock and clock-controlled output pathways exert temporal control in diverse aspects of skeletal muscle physiology, including the maintenance of muscle mass, structure, function, and metabolism. They have emerged as significant players in understanding muscle disease etiology and potential therapeutic avenues, particularly in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This review examines the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and muscle physiology, highlighting how disruptions of circadian regulation may contribute to muscle pathophysiology and the specific mechanisms linking circadian clock dysregulation with DMD. Moreover, we discuss recent advancements in chronobiological research that have shed light on the circadian control of muscle function and its relevance to DMD. Understanding clock output pathways involved in muscle mass and function offers novel insights into the pathogenesis of DMD and unveils promising avenues for therapeutic interventions. We further explore potential chronotherapeutic strategies targeting the circadian clock to ameliorate muscle degeneration which may inform drug development efforts for muscular dystrophy. Full article
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