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Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases: Unraveling Mechanisms, Innovations and Therapeutic Strategies—Second Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 4037

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jung-Hyun Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
Interests: viurs infection; extracellular vesicles; virus-host interactions; immune responses; immune sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viruses constitute an abundant, highly diverse, and economically significant group of pathogens affecting plants, animals, and humans. Despite their minuscule size, viruses initiate extensive pathological changes in or modifications to various host cells to ensure their survival.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of the latest original research articles, short communications, and reviews concerning recent progress in virus–host interaction research and therapeutic approaches for infectious diseases. This Special Issue aims to furnish a comprehensive platform for the exchange of knowledge and contributions, enriching the evolving landscape in this field.

Prof. Dr. Jung-Hyun Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • mechanism of virus infection
  • host immune responses
  • innovations in diagnostics and surveillance
  • therapeutic strategies
  • epidemiology and global health
  • data science for infectious disease
  • zoonotic transmission
  • virus evolution

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3919 KB  
Article
Characteristics of the First Domestic Duck-Origin H12N8 Avian Influenza Virus in China
by Conghui Zhao, Jiacheng Huang, Chunping Zhang, Yang Wang, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Sha Liu, Haoxi Qiang, Huanhuan Wang, Hangyu Zheng, Mingzhi Zhuang, Yanni Peng, Fuzai Chen, Xiancheng Zeng, Ji-Long Chen and Shujie Ma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062740 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 920
Abstract
The H12 subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are globally prevalent in wild birds, occasionally spilling over into poultry. In this study, we isolated an H12N8 virus from ducks in a live poultry market. Full genomic analysis revealed that the virus bears a [...] Read more.
The H12 subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are globally prevalent in wild birds, occasionally spilling over into poultry. In this study, we isolated an H12N8 virus from ducks in a live poultry market. Full genomic analysis revealed that the virus bears a single basic amino acid in the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the eight gene segments of the H12N8 virus belong to the Eurasian lineage and the HA gene was clustered with wild bird-originated H12 viruses, with its NP gene showing the highest nucleotide similarity to 2013-like H7N9 viruses. The H12N8 virus replicated effectively in both mammalian and avian cells without prior adaptation. Moreover, the H12N8 virus could infect and replicate in the upper respiratory tract of BALB/c mice without prior adaptation. The H12N8 virus replicated and transmitted inefficiently in both ducks and chickens and hardly triggered high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers in the inoculated and contact animals. These results suggest that the wild bird-origin H12N8 virus has reassorted with viruses circulating in domestic poultry, but it inefficiently replicates and transmits in avian hosts. Our findings demonstrate that H12N8 AIV has emerged in domestic poultry, emphasizing the importance of active surveillance of AIVs in both wild and domestic birds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases: Unraveling Mechanisms, Innovations and Therapeutic Strategies—Second Edition)
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Review

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16 pages, 581 KB  
Review
The Impacts of Dengue Virus Infection on Mitochondrial Functions and Dynamics
by Showkot Ahmed, Réka Dorottya Varga and Jinsung Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 8968; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26188968 - 15 Sep 2025
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for a significant global disease burden, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. DENV critically manipulates host cell mitochondria to ensure its replication and survival. The clinical manifestations are well-studied and how dengue infection significantly alters [...] Read more.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for a significant global disease burden, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. DENV critically manipulates host cell mitochondria to ensure its replication and survival. The clinical manifestations are well-studied and how dengue infection significantly alters the mitochondrial dynamics, and the subsequent functional cellular homeostasis has been unveiled. This review discusses the strategies by which DENV alters mitochondrial functions and dynamics. It particularly focuses on the virus-induced suppression of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms like mitophagy. Moreover, the dichotomous role of mitophagy in supporting DENV replication is highlighted. By incorporating recent studies about DENV-host interactions at the mitochondrial interface, mitochondria, as regulators and targets in dengue pathogenesis, are suggested as possible molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases: Unraveling Mechanisms, Innovations and Therapeutic Strategies—Second Edition)
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31 pages, 7303 KB  
Review
Membrane-Targeting Antivirals
by Maxim S. Krasilnikov, Vladislav S. Denisov, Vladimir A. Korshun, Alexey V. Ustinov and Vera A. Alferova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7276; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157276 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 837
Abstract
The vast majority of viruses causing human and animal diseases are enveloped—their virions contain an outer lipid bilayer originating from a host cell. Small molecule antivirals targeting the lipid bilayer cover the broadest spectrum of viruses. In this context, we consider the chemical [...] Read more.
The vast majority of viruses causing human and animal diseases are enveloped—their virions contain an outer lipid bilayer originating from a host cell. Small molecule antivirals targeting the lipid bilayer cover the broadest spectrum of viruses. In this context, we consider the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of membrane-targeting antivirals. They can affect virions by (1) physically modulating membrane properties to inhibit fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane, (2) physically affecting envelope lipids and proteins leading to membrane damage, pore formation and lysis, (3) causing photochemical damage of unsaturated membrane lipids resulting in integrity loss and fusion arrest. Other membrane-active compounds can target host cell membranes involved in virion’s maturation, coating, and egress (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and outer membrane) affecting these last stages of viral reproduction. Both virion- and host-targeting membrane-active molecules are promising concepts for broad-spectrum antivirals. A panel of approved antivirals would be a superior weapon to respond to and control emerging disease outbreaks caused by new viral strains and variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases: Unraveling Mechanisms, Innovations and Therapeutic Strategies—Second Edition)
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12 pages, 927 KB  
Review
Research Advances in the Immunomodulatory Functions of CD100/SEMA4D and Their Roles in Viral Infectious Diseases
by Mengxiao Zhao, Liwei Chen, Yuhang Chen, Xuecheng Yang, Xuemei Feng, Dongliang Yang, Xin Zheng and Jia Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094341 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 878
Abstract
CD100/SEMA4D, a member of the Semaphorin family, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates neurogenesis, immune modulation, and angiogenesis, with its immunoregulatory roles having attracted considerable attention. It is dynamically expressed on the surface of diverse immune cells—including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells [...] Read more.
CD100/SEMA4D, a member of the Semaphorin family, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates neurogenesis, immune modulation, and angiogenesis, with its immunoregulatory roles having attracted considerable attention. It is dynamically expressed on the surface of diverse immune cells—including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells—with expression levels modulated by cellular activation states. CD100 exists in two functional forms: membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) and soluble CD100 (sCD100) generated via proteolytic cleavage. Recent studies have highlighted its critical involvement in viral infectious diseases. This review systematically summarizes the molecular characteristics, expression patterns, and regulatory functions of CD100 on different immune cells, and discusses its role in viral infectious diseases and its clinical application potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases: Unraveling Mechanisms, Innovations and Therapeutic Strategies—Second Edition)
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