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Molecular Research of Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 1198

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: microbiomes; intestinal microbiota; Crohn’s disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of human, which play a crucial role in maintaining human health. The gut microbiota has broad impacts, including effects on colonization, resistance to pathogens, maintaining the intestinal epithelium, metabolizing dietary and pharmaceutical compounds, controlling immune function, and even behavior through the gut–brain axis. Bacteria in the digestive tract can contribute to and be affected by disease in various ways. The presence or overabundance of some kinds of bacteria may contribute to inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, metabolites from certain members of the gut flora may influence host signaling pathways, contributing to disorders such as obesity and colon cancer. Gut microbes play an important role in human health and disease and regulate body homeostasis.

We invite original research and review articles. Topics will be related to all aspects of fundamental and applied research on gastroenterology, microbiology, and their interactions and will focus on the following:

  • Profiling gut microbiota in human diseases with multi-omics including metagenomics, metabolomics, metatransprotemics, metaproteomics, culturomics, immunoomics, etc.
  • Gastrointestinal microbiota–pathogen interactions and novel microbiota-targeted therapy development in anti-pathogenic microorganisms such as multiple resistant bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. 
  • Precision nutrition for health including, but not limited to, dietary patterns, nutrients, bioactive components, future foods, and various microecological regulators such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and psychobiotics. 

Dr. Juan Francisco Martínez-Blanch
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • gut metabolites
  • gastroenterology
  • microbiology
  • inflammation
  • human diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

32 pages, 1282 KB  
Review
The Gut Microbiome and Colistin Resistance: A Hidden Driver of Antimicrobial Failure
by Ionela-Larisa Miftode, Andrei Vâţă, Radu-Ştefan Miftode, Alexandru Florinel Oancea, Maria-Antoanela Pasăre, Tudoriţa Gabriela Parângă, Egidia Gabriela Miftode, Irina Luanda Mititiuc and Viorel Dragoş Radu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 8899; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26188899 - 12 Sep 2025
Viewed by 299
Abstract
Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic reintroduced as a last-resort therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly being compromised by the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10). The human gut microbiota serves as a major reservoir and transmission hub [...] Read more.
Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic reintroduced as a last-resort therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly being compromised by the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10). The human gut microbiota serves as a major reservoir and transmission hub for these resistance determinants, even among individuals without prior colistin exposure. This review explores the mechanisms, dissemination, and clinical implications of mcr-mediated colistin resistance within the gut microbiota, highlighting its role in horizontal gene transfer, colonization, and environmental persistence. A comprehensive synthesis of the recent literature was conducted, focusing on epidemiological studies, molecular mechanisms, neonatal implications and decolonization strategies. The intestinal tract supports the enrichment and exchange of mcr genes among commensal and pathogenic bacteria, especially under antibiotic pressure. Colistin use in agriculture has amplified gut colonization with resistant strains in both animals and humans. Surveillance gaps remain, particularly in neonatal populations, where colonization may occur early and persist silently. Promising interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and phage therapies, are under investigation but lack large-scale clinical validation. The gut microbiome plays a central role in the global spread of colistin resistance. Mitigating this threat requires integrated One Health responses, improved diagnostics for gut colonization, and investment in microbiome-based therapies. A proactive, multisectoral approach is essential to safeguard colistin efficacy and address the expanding threat of mcr-mediated resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research of Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Diseases)
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