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Advanced Therapies for Inherited Diseases and Cancer: Recent Progress

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2025) | Viewed by 1953

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: rare diseases; congenital coagulopathies; factor V deficiency; gene and cell therapy; CRISPR/Cas9; lentiviral vectors

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Guest Editor
Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Interests: hemostasis; rare bleeding disorders; factor XI deficiency; antithrombin deficiency; thrombosis; congenital disorders of glycosylation; anticoagulant therapy; gene therapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Contemporary pharmacology is nowadays taking a new direction with the application of the new (or advanced) therapies for the treatment of inherited diseases and cancer. The new targets INCLUDE the mutational causes and the antigen components of cancer cell membranes. Gene therapy, through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and viral vectors, and cell therapy, through induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), stem cells and CAR-T therapy, are the new strategies set to revolutionize the way patients are treated. Classical pharmacology will gradually make way for new therapeutic protocols based on personalized and individualized medicine, from recent breakthroughs in the fields of proteomics and genomics. Advanced therapies will bring a fresh ray of hope to many hereditary conditions (including rare or ultra-rare diseases) and many types of cancer. Severe combined immunodeficiency, congenital coagulopathies such as hemophilia A and B, deficiency of factor V or other coagulation factors, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, several kinds of hemoglobinopathies, Fanconi anemia, neurogenerative diseases, malignant melanoma, blindness, some types of leukemia such as acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and refractory lymphomas are just a few of the many conditions that will benefit from the new therapies.

Dr. Juan Andres de Pablo Moreno (jdepablo@ucm.es) from Complutense University of Madrid is serving as the co-Guest Editor and will assist Dr. Antonio Liras and Dr. Maria Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio in managing this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Liras
Dr. Maria Eugenia De la Morena-Barrio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • advanced therapies
  • gene and cell therapy
  • lentiviral and adeno-associated vectors
  • CRISPR/Cas9
  • iPSCs
  • stem cells
  • CAR-T
  • personalized medicine
  • inherited diseases
  • rare diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 2579 KiB  
Article
Clinical Proof-of-Concept of a Non-Gene Editing Technology Using miRNA-Based shRNA to Engineer Allogeneic CAR T-Cells
by Caroline Lonez, Jennifer Bolsée, Fanny Huberty, Thuy Nguyen, Céline Jacques-Hespel, Sebastien Anguille, Anne Flament and Eytan Breman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041658 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1303
Abstract
With the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies, efforts are being made to extend this therapy to other malignancies and broader patient populations. However, limitations associated with the time-consuming and highly personalized manufacturing of autologous CAR T-cells remain. [...] Read more.
With the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies, efforts are being made to extend this therapy to other malignancies and broader patient populations. However, limitations associated with the time-consuming and highly personalized manufacturing of autologous CAR T-cells remain. Allogeneic CAR T-cell approaches may overcome these challenges but require further engineering to reduce their alloreactivity. As a means to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) of allogeneic CAR T-cells, we have selected a micro RNA (miRNA)-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting CD3ζ which efficiently downregulates the expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) below detection level. We generated allogeneic anti-B-cell maturation antigen CAR T-cells (CYAD-211) that co-express an anti-CD3ζ miRNA-based shRNA within the CAR construct which efficiently inhibited TCR-mediated signaling in vitro and GvHD in vivo. CYAD-211 was subsequently evaluated in a Phase-I clinical trial (NCT04613557), in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. No signs of GvHD were observed despite evidence of engraftment, demonstrating efficient downregulation of the TCR. Our data provide proof of concept that a non-gene-edited technology can generate fully functional allogeneic CAR T-cells, without any signs of GvHD. However, further engineering of the CAR T-cells is needed to improve their persistence and long-term activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Therapies for Inherited Diseases and Cancer: Recent Progress)
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