Advanced Technology for Extraction, Processing and Testing of Forest Products

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2026 | Viewed by 5046

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Wood Engineering and Creative Industries, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary
Interests: mechanics of wood machining; wood cutting theory; optimization of wood processing

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Guest Editor
Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Wood Engineering and Creative Industries, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary
Interests: glued wooden structures

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Guest Editor
Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Wood Engineering and Creative Industries, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary
Interests: wood and wood-based products; biocomposites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood, one of Earth’s most significant renewable resources, is critical in combating global warming through sustainable processing, utilization, and recycling. In Europe, forested areas continue to expand (europarl.europa.eu), with managed forests ensuring a steady, sustainable wood supply. Climate change, however, is reshaping forest ecosystems, favouring more drought-tolerant tree species. This shift necessitates research into the industrial applications of these species, driving innovation in green technologies such as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, and eco-friendly chemical processes.

Wood products, particularly in construction, act as long-term carbon sinks, with their use in the building industry projected to grow substantially. Similarly, demand for wood-based packaging and insulation materials is expected to rise.

This Special Issue focuses on modern technologies for the sustainable use of forest products, such as wood, pulp, paper, and other plant-based raw materials. It covers the following main areas:

Extraction Technologies: Advanced methods for sustainably harvesting and collecting forest raw materials. This includes mechanized logging systems, precision forestry technologies, and innovative approaches such as utilizing biomass for energy production.

Processing Technologies: Cutting-edge procedures for industrially processing forest raw materials. Examples include woodworking machinery and robotics for efficient and precise processing; the optimisation of wood processing (e.g., LEAN, industry 4.0); chemical and biotechnological methods (e.g., extracting lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose); and the production of new construction materials, such as composites and bio-based products.

Testing Technologies: Modern analytical tools and methods to assess product quality and durability. These include testing mechanical properties; the fire resistance testing of wood-based building materials; and environmental and sustainability assessments.

This topic emphasizes innovation and sustainability throughout the entire lifecycle of forest products, facilitating the efficient and environmentally friendly use of natural resources.

Prof. Dr. Endre Magoss
Dr. Csilla Csiha
Dr. Tibor László Alpár
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable resources
  • climate change
  • logging
  • additive manufacturing
  • fully recyclable wood-based products
  • building industry
  • wood-based packaging
  • green chemistry
  • testing technologies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4675 KB  
Article
Screw Withdrawal Performance of Hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Manufactured from Spruce (Picea abies), Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Hungarian Poplar (Populus spp.)
by József Garab, Zsolt György Tóth, Ahmed Altaher Omer Ahmed and László Bejó
Forests 2026, 17(5), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17050590 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2026
Viewed by 57
Abstract
Screw withdrawal force is a key mechanical property related to the load-bearing capacity and reliability of mechanically fastened timber structures. This study investigates the screw withdrawal performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) manufactured from spruce, beech, and poplar, including both homogeneous and hybrid layups. [...] Read more.
Screw withdrawal force is a key mechanical property related to the load-bearing capacity and reliability of mechanically fastened timber structures. This study investigates the screw withdrawal performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) manufactured from spruce, beech, and poplar, including both homogeneous and hybrid layups. The selected species represent materials with different densities and regional availability in Hungary. A one-component polyurethane adhesive was used for panel manufacturing. Screw withdrawal force was determined using two methods: a universal testing machine (UTM) and a manual portable device (MPD). The highest withdrawal forces were observed in beech-based configurations, while the lowest values were measured for spruce. Poplar-based configurations demonstrated intermediate but competitive performance, exceeding the reference spruce values. Statistical evaluation confirmed a significant effect of layup configuration on withdrawal resistance. The MPD measurements were on average approximately 9% higher than UTM results, indicating a consistent and quantifiable inter-method difference. The results demonstrate that hybrid CLT configurations can be optimized by combining species of different densities and that portable testing methods provide reliable estimates of withdrawal performance. These findings contribute to the understanding of connection behavior in hybrid CLT and support the practical application of semi-destructive testing methods for in-situ assessment. Full article
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17 pages, 3648 KB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Surface Roughness and Wettability of Grey Poplar (Populus × canescens) and Spruce (Picea abies)
by Csilla Mária Csiha, Tibor László Alpár, László Németh and Endre Magoss
Forests 2026, 17(4), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17040400 - 24 Mar 2026
Viewed by 259
Abstract
This study investigated the surface characteristics and wettability behaviour of grey poplar (Populus × canescens) compared with spruce (Picea abies) in order to evaluate its potential as an alternative raw material for bonded structural wood products. Surface roughness was [...] Read more.
This study investigated the surface characteristics and wettability behaviour of grey poplar (Populus × canescens) compared with spruce (Picea abies) in order to evaluate its potential as an alternative raw material for bonded structural wood products. Surface roughness was analysed on freshly planed radial surfaces using amplitude and functional roughness parameters, complemented by multivariate factor analysis and dynamic contact angle measurements. The results showed that grey poplar sapwood exhibited roughness values comparable to spruce (Ra ≈ 6–7 μm; Rz ≈ 35–40 μm). Grey poplar heartwood showed slightly higher roughness and greater variability, which can be attributed to its heterogeneous anatomical structure characterised by larger vessel elements and higher extractive content. Hybrid roughness parameters indicated favourable bonding-related surface characteristics in sapwood due to lower Rpk values, suggesting fewer protruding fibres, while higher Rvk values reflected the diffuse-porous anatomical structure of poplar. Static contact angle measurements revealed higher initial values for grey poplar (37.9° for heartwood and 41.9° for sapwood) compared with spruce (31.7°), indicating lower initial wettability with polar liquids. However, dynamic measurements demonstrated faster early-stage spreading in grey poplar heartwood (Δθ = 26.1° within the first second) compared with sapwood (16.8°) and spruce (17.5°), suggesting that vessel-driven capillary uptake may facilitate liquid penetration once wetting begins. Overall, the results indicate that grey poplar—particularly its sapwood fraction—exhibits surface characteristics comparable to spruce after planing. Despite slightly lower initial wettability, its spreading behaviour and surface morphology indicate favourable conditions for adhesive interaction. These findings support the potential use of grey poplar as an alternative raw material for laminated structural products such as glulam or bonded panels, provided that adhesive application parameters are properly adjusted. Full article
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24 pages, 4559 KB  
Article
Enhancing CO2 Laser Cutting Efficiency for Diverse Wood Species Using Artificial Neural Networks
by Ivan Ružiak, Lubos Kristak, Imants Adijans, Ivan Kubovský, Jana Richvalská, Lukáš Štefančin, Milada Gajtanska, Eugenia Mariana Tudor and Luigi Todaro
Forests 2025, 16(6), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16060881 - 23 May 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Modern manufacturing technologies include wood processing using laser technologies. The most used laser for wood cutting is the CO2 laser, which offers many advantages such as processing speed, efficiency, and minimal impact on the material’s structure after cutting. To achieve a high-quality [...] Read more.
Modern manufacturing technologies include wood processing using laser technologies. The most used laser for wood cutting is the CO2 laser, which offers many advantages such as processing speed, efficiency, and minimal impact on the material’s structure after cutting. To achieve a high-quality cut, characterized by the cutting kerf parameters, it is necessary to know the appropriate combination of cutting parameters, primarily laser power (P) and the cutting speed (v). Therefore, this article investigates the effect of P, v, and cutting direction on the cutting kerf widths on the upper surface WKU, lower surface (WKL), and their ratio (WKR). The analysis was performed on samples of spruce, beech, and oak wood, while also evaluating the influence of the anatomical cutting direction. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values and the measured values is at least 0.94, with the mean square error not exceeding 4%. Consequently, the employed models demonstrate validity in predicting cutting kerf widths and optimizing the cutting process based on the type of timber, cutting direction, and the specified laser parameters. Full article
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16 pages, 4249 KB  
Article
Toward Safer Resin Tapping: Assessing Alternative Chemical Stimulants for Pinus pinaster
by Faustino Rubio Pérez, Aida Rodríguez-García, Santiago Michavila, Ana Rodríguez, Luis Gil and Rosana López
Forests 2025, 16(5), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050849 - 19 May 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2645
Abstract
The use of chemical stimulants in resin tapping is essential for prolonging the resin flow and enhancing production. Traditional stimulants, primarily composed of sulfuric acid, pose concerns related to workplace safety, environmental impact, and tree health. In this study, we compared alternative stimulant [...] Read more.
The use of chemical stimulants in resin tapping is essential for prolonging the resin flow and enhancing production. Traditional stimulants, primarily composed of sulfuric acid, pose concerns related to workplace safety, environmental impact, and tree health. In this study, we compared alternative stimulant pastes containing ethrel, salicylic acid, and citric acid with the traditional Spanish and Brazilian stimulant pastes with higher contents of sulfuric acid. We tapped Pinus pinaster seedlings with five different stimulants, using untreated and mechanically wounded plants as controls. The resin yield, tree growth, and physiological parameters were compared. The pines stimulated with citric acid released ca. 50% more resin, while ethrel and salicylic acid yielded similar amounts to the traditional paste, suggesting their potential as viable alternatives. Although all stimulants reduced the seedling growth, no significant differences were observed in the midday water potential or stomatal conductance. The internal resin accumulation and resin canal density were strongly correlated with the total resin production, and more-acidic pastes tended to cause xylem damage and resin retention. Our findings suggest that moderate acidity is sufficient to trigger resin biosynthesis and release, and that safer, less corrosive formulations, like citric acid, may provide viable, safer, and more sustainable alternatives to conventional stimulants. While the results from the seedlings provide a rapid and cost-effective screening tool, anatomical and physiological differences from mature trees should be considered when extrapolating findings to operational settings. Full article
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