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Forests, Volume 16, Issue 12

December 2025 - 124 articles

Cover Story: In forest tree nursery production, bioactive compounds are increasingly sought to promote plant growth in response to changing environmental conditions. This study evaluated the effects of the seaweed extract Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) and the bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg), as well as their combination on the growth and development of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings. A two-factor experiment was conducted in 2023 at the Didactic and Research Station, Department of Ecology and Silviculture, University of Agriculture in Krakow. The nursery experiment investigated the effects of foliar applications of varying doses: Ecklonia maxima at 960 and 1920 cm3·ha−1 and Bacillus subtilis at 112 and 224 g·ha−1, applied to European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings. View this paper
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Articles (124)

  • Article
  • Open Access
550 Views
14 Pages

Quality Assessment of Quercus scytophylla Liebm Charcoal Produced in a Metal Kiln in the Cordón Grande Ejido, Guerrero, Mexico

  • José Navarro-Martínez,
  • Humberto Ávila-Pérez,
  • Ma. Amparo Máxima Borja de la Rosa,
  • Iván Gallardo-Bernal,
  • José Luis Rosas-Acevedo,
  • Lorena Inés Bernal-Mendoza and
  • María Guzmán-Martínez

18 December 2025

The present study evaluates the quality of charcoal produced from Quercus scytophylla Liebm. in Guerrero, Mexico, using a portable metal oven, namely, the Guadiana Valley Experimental Field (CEVAG) type. A 2×3 factorial design was employed to a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
316 Views
21 Pages

18 December 2025

Altitude-driven environmental changes influence the persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC) via microbial metabolic pathways. However, the degree to which the network robustness of microbial communities directly predicts the persistence of organic c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
427 Views
37 Pages

18 December 2025

Forests play a central role in biodiversity conservation, climate mitigation, and sustainable development, requiring highly skilled professionals trained through effective graduate education. Grounded in Comparative Education Theory, this study condu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
283 Views
20 Pages

Spatial Visibility in Urban Parks and Social Functions: A Multimodal Correlational Study

  • Yuxiang Liu,
  • Yi Chen,
  • Shuhan Zhou,
  • Kaixuan Chen,
  • Shuang Zhao and
  • Mingze Chen

18 December 2025

Urban parks are fundamental to building sustainable and inclusive cities, yet the mechanisms linking their spatial configuration to human activities and social functions remain insufficiently understood. A scalable multimodal framework is developed t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
284 Views
24 Pages

18 December 2025

To address the insufficient quantitative understanding of vegetation driving mechanisms across spatio-temporal scales, this study integrated multi-source data and machine learning methods to simulate and analyze Normalized Difference Vegetation Index...

  • Article
  • Open Access
330 Views
13 Pages

Determining the Distribution of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the Kopački Rit Nature Park Using Bioacoustic Monitoring

  • Denis Deže,
  • Siniša Ozimec,
  • Vlatko Rožac,
  • Ivana Majić,
  • Tihomir Florijančić,
  • Ankica Sarajlić,
  • Dorijan Radočaj,
  • Helena Ereš and
  • Ivan Plaščak

18 December 2025

Red deer (Cervus elaphus), as a highly vocal species, provide versatile ecosystem functions beyond grazing. Their flexible use of different habitats allows them to occupy a variety of ecosystems. As global efforts to conserve biodiversity increase, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
306 Views
33 Pages

17 December 2025

Slime moulds (Eumycetozoa) are closely associated with forest structure, moisture and the availability of microhabitats, which together make them promising candidates for bioindication. This study synthesised an integrated, georeferenced resource fro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
363 Views
19 Pages

Development of an Indicator Assessment Framework for Urban Forest Effects Through a Scoping Review

  • Jinsuk Jeong,
  • Hye-Rin Joo,
  • Hong-Duck Sou,
  • Sumin Choi and
  • Chan-Ryul Park

17 December 2025

Urban forests offer a range of environmental, climatic, economic, and social benefits to citizens. However, these effects have not been systematically measured owing to the localized nature of urban forests. This study developed a framework to assess...

  • Article
  • Open Access
286 Views
21 Pages

Unveiling Drivers of Green Production in Forest-Grown Ginseng Farms in China: An Ordered Probit-LGBM Fusion Approach

  • Xin-Bo Zhang,
  • Yi-Jun Lou,
  • Yu-Ning Jia,
  • Jia-Fang Han,
  • Yang Zhang and
  • Cheng-Liang Wu

17 December 2025

This study investigates the drivers of green production practices among forest-cultivated ginseng growers in Jilin Province, China, by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) fram...

  • Article
  • Open Access
284 Views
21 Pages

Evaluation of Soil Health of Panax notoginseng Forest Plantations Based on Minimum Data Set

  • Wenqi Tang,
  • Jianqiang Li,
  • Huiying Yan,
  • Lianling Cha,
  • Yuan Yang and
  • Linling Wang

17 December 2025

Healthy soil serves as the fundamental basis for sustainable Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen ex C.Y. Wu & K.M. Feng cultivation in understory systems. Current management practices have raised concerns about potential soil degradation and ec...

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Forests - ISSN 1999-4907