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Forests
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Application of Glulam Beams in Wood Building Industry
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Application of Glulam Beams in Wood Building Industry

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 10030

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jakub Kawalerczyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Interests: glulam beams; adhesives; wood-based materials; mechanical properties; timber properties; wood defects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Radosław Mirski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Interests: structural elements; mechanics; glulam beams; engineered wood products; construction; timber evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joanna Walkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Interests: adhesives modification; adhesion; glulam beams; wood protection; layered composites; formaldehyde emissions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood is a one of the oldest known materials used in construction. For centuries, it has been applied to produce natural, renewable structural elements that are alternatives to steel or concrete. Glued-laminated timber (glulam, GLT) is an example of an engineered wood product that has attracted the attention of scientists in recent years. GLT has the typical features of solid timber such as lightness, good strength and elasticity, simplicity in fabrication, reusability and environmental compatibility. Its cross-section has a layered structure that enables the manufacture of components with variable cross-sectional heights as needed. As a result, in accordance with Journal Citation Reports, more than 700 scientific papers on glulam beams were published in the last 20 years. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to bring up-to-date knowledge on the latest processes for manufacturing structural glulam beams and to present construction products with improved or modified properties. Moreover, this Special Issue also aims to create a space to present new technological solutions and to identify the features and drawbacks of current materials that need improvement. Therefore, we encourage you to submit the scientific or review papers considering glulam beams, which will expand the current knowledge and possibly mark new application directions for these innovative materials.

Dr. Jakub Kawalerczyk
Prof. Radosław Mirski
Dr. Joanna Walkiewicz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glulam beams
  • structural elements
  • engineered wood product
  • structural timber
  • beams reinforcement
  • wood-based materials
  • construction elements

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3826 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Bonding High-Moisture-Content Wood Using Nothofagus chilean Species
by Víctor Rosales, Gonzalo Rodríguez-Grau, Carlos Galarce, Claudio Montero, Claudia Alvarado, Lisa Muñoz and Régis Pommier
Forests 2023, 14(12), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122386 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1894
Abstract
Appraising and protecting forests requires a management plan and the creation of innovative products for the market. The development of the green gluing technique could add value to native timber. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the response and the productive [...] Read more.
Appraising and protecting forests requires a management plan and the creation of innovative products for the market. The development of the green gluing technique could add value to native timber. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the response and the productive process of Nothofagus species using this technique. This work investigated the viability of implementing the green gluing method using three types of Nothofagus. Wood pieces were made using a one-component polyurethane adhesive. Delamination, shear tests, morphological characterization, and bond line thickness analysis tested their capacity. The results showed a variable response depending on the Nothofagus type, where the surface treatment could improve the green gluing performance. The findings highlight the relevance of increasing knowledge about the essayed species and their preparation to maintain their natural moisture condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Glulam Beams in Wood Building Industry)
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14 pages, 4126 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Storage Conditions on the Strength Characteristic of Glulam Beams
by Radosław Mirski, Marcin Kuliński, Jakub Kawalerczyk, Joanna Walkiewicz and Rafał Czarnecki
Forests 2023, 14(5), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14050897 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1923
Abstract
Despite many outdoors applications, the number of works aimed to determine the effect of changing conditions on the properties of glulam beams, in particular those produced in non-standard arrangements, is few. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess changes in flexural [...] Read more.
Despite many outdoors applications, the number of works aimed to determine the effect of changing conditions on the properties of glulam beams, in particular those produced in non-standard arrangements, is few. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess changes in flexural strength properties (MOE, MOR) of the beams stored for 30 months in varying conditions. Analyzed variants of pine GLT beams included five-meter-long structural elements reinforced with oak timber, high-quality pine timber and steel rods stored both in the roofed shed outdoors and inside the climatic chamber. Moisture content of the beam varied significantly depending on the placement of the sensors (on the surface or inside the beam). The average modulus of elasticity after 30 months of storage decreased by approx. 7% compared to initial values. The results varied depending on both the assumed beam arrangement and the applied conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Glulam Beams in Wood Building Industry)
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14 pages, 12407 KiB  
Article
Reinforcement of Timber Dowel-Type Connections Using Self-Tapping Screws and the Influence of Thread Configurations
by Cong Zhang, Hao-Yu Huang, Xiong-Yan Li, Su-Duo Xue, Wen-Shao Chang and Guo-Jun Sun
Forests 2023, 14(2), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020409 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2736
Abstract
The application of self-tapping screws as reinforcement on glulam connections has been proven effective. However, the implication of different thread configurations on the effectiveness of reinforcement remains unknown. This paper conducted experiments using screws with various thread configurations in embedment-strength tests and tensile [...] Read more.
The application of self-tapping screws as reinforcement on glulam connections has been proven effective. However, the implication of different thread configurations on the effectiveness of reinforcement remains unknown. This paper conducted experiments using screws with various thread configurations in embedment-strength tests and tensile connection tests. Results show that self-tapping screws with one third of thread achieved similar improvement in the embedment strength and mechanical properties of connections as fully threaded screws. This implies that properly reducing the thread length on self-tapping screws ensures easier screw installation than using fully threaded screws. The influence of screw-to-dowel distance was also investigated and two distances (0.5 d and 1 d) were adopted, with ‘d’ being the diameter of the dowel. The difference in embedment strength due to different screw-to-dowel distances was insignificant. The group with screws placed in contact (0.5 d) with the dowel achieved 5% higher embedment strength than the group with screws placed at a 1 d distance. The connection tests showed good agreement with the embedment-strength tests. This confirms that self-tapping screws with reduced thread can enhance the load-carrying capacity and ductility of connections to a level similar to connections reinforced by fully threaded screws. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Glulam Beams in Wood Building Industry)
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14 pages, 3870 KiB  
Article
Analysis Behavior of Openings on Full-Size Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Frame Shear Walls Tested Monotonically
by Rudi Dungani, Sulistyono, Tati Karliati, Yoyo Suhaya, Jamaludin Malik, Alpian and Wahyu Supriyati
Forests 2023, 14(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010097 - 4 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2454
Abstract
Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear walls. This study aims to determine the behavior of shear wall panel cross-laminated-timber-based mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd) (CLT-mangium) in earthquake-resistant prefabricated houses. The earthquake performance of CLT [...] Read more.
Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear walls. This study aims to determine the behavior of shear wall panel cross-laminated-timber-based mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd) (CLT-mangium) in earthquake-resistant prefabricated houses. The earthquake performance of CLT mangium frame shear walls panels has been studied using monotonic tests. The shear walls were constructed using CLT-mangium measuring 2400 mm × 1200 mm × 68 mm with various design patterns (straight sheathing, diagonal sheathing/45°, windowed shear wall with diagonal pattern and a door shear wall with a diagonal pattern). Shear wall testing was carried out using a racking test, and seismic force calculations were obtained using static equivalent earthquake analysis. CLT-mangium sheathing installed horizontally (straight sheathing) is relatively weak compared to the diagonal sheathing, but it is easier and more flexible to manufacture. The diagonal sheathing type is stronger and stiffer because it has triangulation properties, such as truss properties, but is more complicated to manufacture (less flexible). The type A design is suitable for low-intensity zones (2), and types B, D, E1 and E2 are suitable for moderate-intensity zones (3, 4), and type C is suitable for severe-intensity zones (5). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Glulam Beams in Wood Building Industry)
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