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Forests
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Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution
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Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Biodiversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 14707

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nian-Kai Zeng

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
Interests: fungal taxonomy; fungal phylogeny; ectomycorrhizal fungi; secondary metabolites of fungi; artificial cultivation of fungi; biological activities of fungi
Dr. Li-Ping Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
Interests: macrofungal taxonomy; fungal phylogeny; fungal ecology; mushroom poisoning
Dr. Dong-Qin Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
Interests: microfungal taxonomy; fungal phylogeny; fungal system; secondary metabolites of fungi

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungi are a group of organisms with a high level of diversity. Fungi are also well-known as the second most populous species group after insects; hence, it is more challenging to obtain global fungal diversity estimates compared to other organisms. In various ecosystems, fungi are found as pathogens, decomposers, and mutualists, and are of significant ecological value as they impact nearly every component of the ecosystem services, while, in most cases, the role of an individual fungus in nature is still unknown. Despite the fungal diversity that science has revealed and their innumerable roles in ecology, health, and industry, much about these unique organisms remains a mystery. This topic intends to cover all fungi-related subjects, such as their taxonomy, phylogeny, pathology, toxicology, ecology, biotechnology, cultivation technology, secondary metabolite, and biological activity. Both original and review articles are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Nian-Kai Zeng
Dr. Li-Ping Tang
Dr. Dong-Qin Dai
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mushrooms
  • biotechnology
  • fungal taxonomy
  • fungal phylogeny
  • fungal ecology
  • secondary metabolites of fungi
  • biological activities of fungi
  • artificial cultivation of fungi
  • ectomycorrhizal fungi

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5564 KiB  
Article
Identification of a Fomitopsis pinicola from Xiaoxing’an Mountains and Optimization of Cellulase Activity
by Jing Sun, Hong Yang, Shangjie Ge-Zhang, Yujie Chi and Dawei Qi
Forests 2024, 15(9), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091673 - 23 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1047
Abstract
Brown-rot fungi are large fungi that can decompose the cell walls of wood; they are notable for their secretion of diverse and complex enzymes that synergistically hydrolyze natural wood cellulose molecules. Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a brown-rot fungus of interest [...] Read more.
Brown-rot fungi are large fungi that can decompose the cell walls of wood; they are notable for their secretion of diverse and complex enzymes that synergistically hydrolyze natural wood cellulose molecules. Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a brown-rot fungus of interest for its ability to break down the cellulose in wood efficiently. In this study, through a combination of rDNA-ITS analysis and morphological observation, the wood decay pathogen infecting Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold and Zucc.) was identified. Endoglucanase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase were quantified using the DNS (3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid) method, and the cellulase activity was optimized using a single-factor method and orthogonal test. The results revealed that the wood-decaying fungus NE1 identified was Fomitopsis pinicola with the ITS accession number OQ880566.1. The highest cellulase activity of the strain reached 116.94 U/mL under the condition of an initial pH of 6.0, lactose 15 g·L−1, KH2PO4 0.5 g·L−1, NH4NO3 15 g·L−1, MgSO4 0.5 g·L−1, VB1 0.4 g·L−1, inoculated two 5 mm fungal cakes in 80 mL medium volume cultured 28 °C for 5 days. This laid a foundation for improving the degradation rate of cellulose and biotransformation research, as well as exploring the degradation of cellulose by brown rot fungi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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15 pages, 3405 KiB  
Article
Growth Simulation of Lyophyllum decastes and Coprinus comatus and Their Influencing Factors in a Forested Catchment
by Guozhu Huang, Fei Zang, Chuanyan Zhao, Hong Wang and Yali Xi
Forests 2024, 15(9), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091552 - 3 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1150
Abstract
Wild edible mushrooms are an important food source globally and have a crucial role in forest ecosystems. However, there is limited research on the growth characteristics and the contribution of agronomic traits to biomass, and the environmental factors affecting mushroom growth are limited. [...] Read more.
Wild edible mushrooms are an important food source globally and have a crucial role in forest ecosystems. However, there is limited research on the growth characteristics and the contribution of agronomic traits to biomass, and the environmental factors affecting mushroom growth are limited. This study was conducted in the Qilian Mountains, China, and focused on investigating the growth patterns and agronomic traits of Lyophyllum decastes and Coprinus comatus. The results revealed that the growth of these mushrooms followed a logical growth curve. By calculating the model parameters, we obtained the maximum daily growth of height (PH), pileus diameter (PD), and cluster perimeter (CP) of L. decastes on the 5th, 7th, and 7th days, respectively, with values of 0.55 cm d−1, 0.54 cm d−1, and 4.54 cm d−1, respectively. However, the maximum daily growth of PH, pileus length (PL), and PD of the C. comatus appeared on the 3rd day, 2nd day, and 2nd day of the observation, respectively. This study identified near-surface relative humidity, air relative humidity, and rainfall as the primary factors influencing mushroom growth, as indicated by Pearson’s correlation analysis, redundancy analysis (RDA), and multiple linear and stepwise regression. Additionally, land surface temperature and air temperature were also identified as important factors affecting mushroom growth. By utilizing random forest and stepwise regression analysis, this study identified PH and stipe diameter (SD) as the most crucial agronomic traits affecting mushroom biomass. Overall, this study offers insights for industrial mushroom cultivation and basic fungal research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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19 pages, 5793 KiB  
Article
Blackwellomyces kaihuaensis and Metarhizium putuoense (Hypocreales), Two New Entomogenous Fungi from Subtropical Forests in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China
by Yi Li, Xin-Chang Zhao, Li-Xia Wu, Yu Wang, Ao Xu and Wen-Fei Lin
Forests 2023, 14(12), 2333; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122333 - 28 Nov 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
Entomogenous fungi are one of the most diverse fungal groups among ascomycetes. During investigations of macro-fungi biodiversity in Kaihua and Putuo in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2021, several entomopathogenic fungal specimens were collected from subtropical forests. After a careful examination of morphology and [...] Read more.
Entomogenous fungi are one of the most diverse fungal groups among ascomycetes. During investigations of macro-fungi biodiversity in Kaihua and Putuo in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2021, several entomopathogenic fungal specimens were collected from subtropical forests. After a careful examination of morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses applying nrSSU, nrLSU, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2, two novel species were discovered, described herein as Blackwellomyces kaihuaensis and Metarhizium putuoense, and further compared with other similar species. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh specimen and figures illustrating microscopic features of the two new species are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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21 pages, 32285 KiB  
Article
Crinipellis deutziae, Marasmius pinicola spp. nov., and C. rhizomaticola (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) New to China from Beijing
by Yue Li, Shuang-Hui He, Yi-Zhe Zhang, Jia-Qi Liang, Wen-Yue Sheng, Jing Si and Hai-Jiao Li
Forests 2023, 14(7), 1480; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14071480 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2343
Abstract
Specimens of Crinipellis and Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) collected from Beijing, North China, were studied by morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed separately for the two genera based on ITS sequence data. Two new species, C. deutziae and M. pinicola, were found, and [...] Read more.
Specimens of Crinipellis and Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) collected from Beijing, North China, were studied by morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed separately for the two genera based on ITS sequence data. Two new species, C. deutziae and M. pinicola, were found, and C. rhizomaticola was reported from China for the first time. Crinipellis deutziae is characterized by small basidiocarps, large and variably shaped basidiospores measuring 8.8–11 × 7.5–9.5 µm, the presence of both cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, and growing on Deutzia parviflora. Marasmius pinicola is characterized by small basidiocarps, cylindrical, reniform to phaseoliform basidiospores measuring 6–8 × 3.5–4.2 µm, often capitate cheilocystidia, and pleurocystidia, and growing on fallen leaves of Pinus tabuliformis. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the three species. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of macro-fungi in Beijing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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16 pages, 3294 KiB  
Article
An Integrative Taxonomic Study of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Fungi) Reveals a New Saprotrophic Species from European Temperate Deciduous Forests
by Ana Pošta, Zdenko Tkalčec, Ivana Kušan, Neven Matočec, Lucia Pole, Milan Čerkez and Armin Mešić
Forests 2023, 14(7), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14071387 - 7 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Seventeen collections of the genus Parasola from Croatia were studied with integrative taxonomic methods. Parasola papillatospora is described as a new species, based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses. Its basidiomata were growing on soil in temperate deciduous forests (Quercus petraea, [...] Read more.
Seventeen collections of the genus Parasola from Croatia were studied with integrative taxonomic methods. Parasola papillatospora is described as a new species, based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses. Its basidiomata were growing on soil in temperate deciduous forests (Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica, and Carpinus betulus) on two different localities in NW Croatia. Based on publicly available molecular data, the species is also recorded in Hungary. The most distinctive morphological features of the new species are the characteristics of its basidiospores, (1) the papillate apex and (2) central germ pore (both present in most spores), as well as (3) a highly variable shape. A morphological description of P. papillatospora is accompanied by colour photographs of basidiomata, basidiospores, and cystidia. In this study, a total of 64 DNA sequences from 17 specimens belonging to 10 Parasola species were newly generated. As a result of Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated ITS, LSU, tef-1α, and β-tub gene alignment of Parasola species, P. papillatospora was resolved as an independent clade, a sister to the clade comprising the P. plicatilis species complex. Eight Parasola species (P. auricoma, P. crataegi, P. cuniculorum, P. kuehneri, P. malakandensis, P. megasperma, P. nudiceps, P. plicatilis-similis) are reported for the first time for Croatia and P. malakandensis also for Europe. Colour photographs of basidiomata are provided for all Parasola species new to Croatia except P. kuehneri. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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14 pages, 7208 KiB  
Article
Sclerotia Formation of Phlebopus portentosus under Natural and Artificial Conditions
by Tianwei Yang, Jing Liu, Xinjing Xu, Mingxia He, Feng Gao, Yiwei Fang, Wenbing Wang, Liming Dai, Yun Wang and Chunxia Zhang
Forests 2023, 14(6), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14061096 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3309
Abstract
Phlebopus portentosus is a favorite wild, edible mushroom in the tropical region of China and northern Thailand. P. portentosus is the only bolete in the Boletales order that has been commercially cultivated. Sclerotia produced by the mushroom are often found in its natural [...] Read more.
Phlebopus portentosus is a favorite wild, edible mushroom in the tropical region of China and northern Thailand. P. portentosus is the only bolete in the Boletales order that has been commercially cultivated. Sclerotia produced by the mushroom are often found in its natural habitats and cultivated media. These sclerotia play a key role in its life cycle. However, the regularity and growth characteristics of the sclerotium are unknown. In this paper, the whole process of birth, growth, death and rebirth of the sclerotium of P. portentosus under natural and lab conditions is reported for the first time. Sclerotium formation in nature is due to environmental stress, such as drought or low temperature. The less rainfall, the more sclerotia are produced. It appears that a lower temperature can also initiate sclerotium formation; however, the relationship between sclerotium formation and temperature is not as clear as that between sclerotium formation and rainfall. Under artificial conditions, the sclerotium formation of P. portentosus is related to the fungus’ physiological maturation. The presence of sclerotia is always accompanied by the exudation of liquid droplets on the colony. The results of this study should provide a platform for research on the importance of sclerotium formation in the life cycle of P. portentosus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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23 pages, 6819 KiB  
Article
A Contribution to Knowledge of Russula Section Ingratae (Russulales, Russulaceae) in China: Two New Taxa and Amended Descriptions of One Known Species
by Yunxiao Han, Zhiqun Liang and Niankai Zeng
Forests 2023, 14(4), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040695 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1882
Abstract
Russula, one of the main genera of Russulaceae (Russulales), is both ecologically and economically important. It is a large and complex genus including eight subgenera. Although many studies have focused on Russula in China, the diversity still remains incompletely understood. In the [...] Read more.
Russula, one of the main genera of Russulaceae (Russulales), is both ecologically and economically important. It is a large and complex genus including eight subgenera. Although many studies have focused on Russula in China, the diversity still remains incompletely understood. In the present study, several collections of Russula subgen. Heterophyllidiae sect. Ingratae from China were studied based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Three species were recognized, two of them described as new, R. fujianensis and R. oraria, and one of them already a known taxon, R. rufobasalis. Detailed descriptions, color photos of fresh basidiomata, and line-drawings of microstructures of the three species are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biodiversity, Systematics, and Evolution)
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