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Fishes
Special Issues
Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes
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Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2022) | Viewed by 13711

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Qianghua Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
Interests: antarctic fishes; extreme environment adaptation; molecular ecology and evolution; functional genomics; hypoxia adaptation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The journal Fishes is preparing a Special Issue entitled “Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes”. Fish are the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates. Fish have adapted to a variety of habitats and, especially in extreme environments, possess various resistance genes. Understanding the components, structures, and biological functions of those resistance genes is essential for fish biology. Equally important is understanding the functionality of fish resistance genes to help in the utilization of those genes, which will ultimately help achieve the goal of healthy fisheries and aquaculture.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to provide an opportunity for scientists to give an overview of recent works carried out in the areas of aquaculture and fisheries research. This Special Issue has a broad scope and intends to capture the diversity of fish resistance genes regarding its fundamental aspects and underlying mechanisms to applications. Papers on fish adaptation, molecular evolution, new genes, transcriptome analysis, functional genomics, transgenes, and new technologies for genetic modifications are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Qianghua Xu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extreme environment adaptation
  • resistance genes
  • adaptation mechanisms
  • genomics
  • molecular evolution
  • genetic modifications
  • fisheries
  • aquaculture

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4520 KiB  
Article
Tissue-Specific and Differential Cold Responses in the Domesticated Cold Tolerant Fugu
by Shuang Han, Shang Wei, Ruoyu Chen, Man Ni and Liangbiao Chen
Fishes 2022, 7(4), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040159 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3222
Abstract
Domestication can be defined as the artificial selection in animals to achieve morphological, physiological, and developmental conformity to human needs, with the aim of improving various limitations in species under a human feeding environment. The future sustainability of aquaculture may rely partly on [...] Read more.
Domestication can be defined as the artificial selection in animals to achieve morphological, physiological, and developmental conformity to human needs, with the aim of improving various limitations in species under a human feeding environment. The future sustainability of aquaculture may rely partly on the availability of numerous domesticated fish species. However, the underlying adaptive mechanisms that result in the domestication of fish are still unclear. Because they are poikilothermic, temperature is a key environmental element that affects the entire life of fish, so studying the association between physiological and behavioral changes in low-temperature domesticated fish can provide a model for understanding the response mechanisms of fish under cold stress. Through 5 generations and 10 years of artificial selection at low temperatures, we used cold-tolerant fugu as a biological model to compare transcriptome changes in brain and liver tissues to study the effects of cold stress on fish. It was found that the expression of genes such as apoptosis, p53, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial β-oxidation in the brain of cold-tolerant fugu was significantly lower than the wild type due to cold stress, while excessive energy metabolism would lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbate the brain damage, thus causing rollover and coma. Meanwhile, under cold stress, the signaling pathways involved in glycogenolysis and lipid metabolism, such as insulin signaling, adipocytokines, and mTOR signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in the liver of cold-tolerant fugu. Although the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway was increased in cold-tolerant fugu liver tissues, the transcriptome was not enriched in apoptotic. These phenomena predict that in response to low-temperature conditions, cold-tolerant fugu employs a dynamic inter-organ metabolic regulation strategy to cope with cold stress and reduce damage to brain tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes)
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14 pages, 2374 KiB  
Article
Hematogenesis Adaptation to Long-Term Hypoxia Acclimation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
by Linghui Shi, Lei Chen, Shouwen Jiang, Zhichao Wu, Yan Zhou and Qianghua Xu
Fishes 2022, 7(3), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7030098 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3589
Abstract
When fish live in the wild or are cultured artificially, they will inevitably suffer from hypoxia. At the same time, blood physiological indexes represent the physiological state of fish. In order to study the effect of long-term hypoxia acclimation on fish hematogenesis, we [...] Read more.
When fish live in the wild or are cultured artificially, they will inevitably suffer from hypoxia. At the same time, blood physiological indexes represent the physiological state of fish. In order to study the effect of long-term hypoxia acclimation on fish hematogenesis, we cultured zebrafish embryos into adulthood in a hypoxia incubator (1.5 ± 0.2 mg/L). Then we compared the hematological parameters of zebrafish cultured in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the main hematopoietic tissue, the head kidney, was also compared between the two groups. Results showed that the number of erythrocytes increased significantly in the long-term hypoxia acclimated group, while the size of several cell types, such as red blood cells, eosinophils, basophils, small lymphocytes and thrombocytes, decreased significantly. The transcriptomic comparisons revealed that there were 6475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. A Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that hematopoiesis and cell proliferation signaling were the most significantly enriched pathways in the head kidney of hypoxia acclimated zebrafish. In addition, many genes involved in the hematopoietic process showed significantly higher levels of expression in the hypoxia acclimated zebrafish, when compared to the normoxia zebrafish. When considered together, these data allowed us to conclude that long-term hypoxia can promote the hematopoiesis process and cell proliferation signaling in the zebrafish head kidney, which resulted in higher red blood cell production. Higher numbers of red blood cells allow for better adaptation to the hypoxic environment. In conclusion, this study provides a basis for the in-depth understanding of the effects of hypoxia on hematogenesis in fish species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes)
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14 pages, 4564 KiB  
Article
Identification and Characterization of Immunoglobulin T Heavy Chain in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
by Yan Teng, Qiuling Fu, Yuanzhen Tan, Yangyang Ding, Yang Ding and Xinhua Chen
Fishes 2022, 7(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010029 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3076
Abstract
Three immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes have been identified in teleosts, IgM, IgD, and IgT or IgZ. IgT, a new teleost Ig isotype, plays a vital role in mucosal immunity. However, information on molecular and functional characteristics of fish IgT is still limited. In this [...] Read more.
Three immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes have been identified in teleosts, IgM, IgD, and IgT or IgZ. IgT, a new teleost Ig isotype, plays a vital role in mucosal immunity. However, information on molecular and functional characteristics of fish IgT is still limited. In this study, an IgT heavy chain (LcIgT) gene was cloned and characterized in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Complete cDNA of LcIgT was 1930 bp in length, encoding a protein of 554 amino acids. The deduced LcIgT contains a VH region and only three CH regions (CH1, CH2, CH4), but no transmembrane region was predicted. Phylogenetic analysis showed that IgT heavy chain sequences from all fish species are grouped together. Homology comparison showed that LcIgT shares the highest amino acid identity of 58.73% with IgT heavy chain in Scophthalmus maximus. The VH domain of LcIgT has the highest identity of 72.50% with that of Scophthalmus maximus IgT. Relatively, each constant domain of LcIgT exhibits the highest amino acid identity with that of IgT in Oreochromis niloticus (67.61% identity for CH1, 61.11% identity for CH2, and 63.74% identity for CH4). LcIgT was constitutively expressed in various tissues tested, with the highest levels in mucosa-associated tissues such as gills and skin. After Cryptocaryon irritans infection, the mRNA levels of LcIgT were significantly up-regulated in the spleen (3.27-fold) at 4 d, in the head kidney (3.98-fold) and skin (2.11-fold) at 7 d, and in gills (4.45-fold) at 14 d. The protein levels in these detected tissues were all significantly up-regulated; the peak of its up-regulation was 6.33-fold at 28d in gills, 3.44-fold at 7d in skin, and 3.72-fold at 14d in spleen. These results showed that IgT response could be simultaneously induced in both systemic and mucosal tissues after parasitic infection and that IgT may be involved in systemic immunity and mucosal immunity against parasitic infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes)
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11 pages, 2456 KiB  
Article
Development of Recombinant Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Subunit Vaccine against Vibrio Infection in Large Yellow Croaker
by Xiaomeng Li, Yuanzhen Tan, Zheng Zhang, Yupeng Huang, Pengfei Mu, Zhengwei Cui and Xinhua Chen
Fishes 2022, 7(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010017 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3050
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), an economically important marine fish in China, has suffered from serious vibriosis, which has resulted in great economic losses for the large yellow croaker industry. Vaccination has been considered to be a safe and effective method [...] Read more.
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), an economically important marine fish in China, has suffered from serious vibriosis, which has resulted in great economic losses for the large yellow croaker industry. Vaccination has been considered to be a safe and effective method to prevent and control vibriosis. However, due to the complex diversity and serotypes of the Vibrio genus, the progress of Vibrio vaccine development is still slow. In this study, we prepared recombinant Vibrio dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (rDLD) protein and investigated its potential as a candidate to be a subunit vaccine against Vibrio. The lysozyme activity and the rDLD-specific antibody level in sera of large yellow croakers immunized with rDLD were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β), MHC IIα/β, CD40, CD8α, IL-4/13A, and IL-4/13B were significantly up-regulated in the spleen and head kidney of large yellow croakers immunized with rDLD, suggesting that rDLD could induce both specific and nonspecific immune responses in this species. In addition, rDLD protein increased the survival rate of large yellow croakers against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with the relative percent of survival (RPS) being 74.5% and 66.9%, respectively. These results will facilitate the development of a potential subunit vaccine against Vibrio in large yellow croaker aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discovery and Utilization of Fish Resistance Genes)
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