Triplophysa siluroides, a unique species of plateau fish, holds significant economic value. However, its natural population has sharply declined due to overfishing and the construction of water conservancy projects. Investigating the various conditions necessary for its growth is a crucial prerequisite for
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Triplophysa siluroides, a unique species of plateau fish, holds significant economic value. However, its natural population has sharply declined due to overfishing and the construction of water conservancy projects. Investigating the various conditions necessary for its growth is a crucial prerequisite for successful artificial breeding. This study used
Edwardsiella tarda as the pathogenic bacterium to determine the median lethal concentration following infection of
T. siluroides, as well as to examine changes in tissues, organs, and gene expression. The study found that dead
T. siluroides displayed symptoms such as abdominal distension, fluid accumulation, and a reddened anus, and the median lethal concentration of
E. tarda for
T. siluroides was calculated to be 1.00 × 10
6 CFU/mL. Following infection with
E. tarda, the liver, intestine, gills, spleen, and kidneys exhibited varying degrees of lesions. Transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 54,667 genes. Compared to the blank control group, 192 genes were downregulated and 125 genes were upregulated in
T. siluroides infected with
E. tarda. In contrast, after infection with the poly(I:C) viral mimic, 225 genes were downregulated and 436 genes were upregulated. This study determined the median lethal concentration of
E. tarda for
T. siluroides via intraperitoneal injection under laboratory conditions. The results may contribute to disease prevention and control in the breeding of
T. siluroides, as well as inform future risk assessments of infection in aquaculture water bodies.
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