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Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture...
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Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture Environments

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 6499

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chao Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
Interests: aquaculture environments; pollutant residues; risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, from 1970 to 2011, the proportion of global aquatic production of the total fishery production increased from 3.8% to 41.2%. The increase in aquatic production stems from the strong progress of the aquaculture industry. However, with the overloading of aquaculture water bodies, a large amount of residual feed, fertilizers, metabolic products and other waste is generated within aquaculture water bodies, causing pollution to the aquaculture environment. On a global scale, aquatic products account for about 10% of the human diet, providing a large amount of nutrients for humans. However, aquatic products produced in overloaded aquaculture environments are rich in pollutants such as antibiotics and heavy metals, which directly affect the quality and safety of aquatic products and pose health risks to humans. The structural characteristics of different pollutants within the aquaculture environment, their enrichment and transformation pathways in aquatic products, toxic effects after ingestion into the human body and physiological hazards are different. The current topic aims to collect original and review papers, study the sources and distribution of one or more pollutants in aquaculture environments, their enrichment and transformation in aquatic products, toxic effects, toxicity mechanisms and health risks after environmental exposure and ingestion, as well as the related monitoring techniques and risk assessment methods.

Dr. Chao Song
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aquaculture environments
  • pollutant residues
  • risk assessment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 1113 KiB  
Article
Influences of Cr(VI) on SOD Activity, MDA, and MT Content in the Hepatopancreas and Gill of Portunus trituberculatus
by Lei Li, Chenshan Shao, Guodong Xv, Linlan Lv, Jiacheng Jiang, Weiyi Zou, Weiwei Su, Yanming Sui and Mei Jiang
Fishes 2024, 9(10), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100407 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 739
Abstract
The toxic effect and differences of Cr(VI) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, MDA, and metallothionein (MT) content in the hepatopancreas and gill of Portunus trituberculatus were investigated during Cr(VI) enrichment (15 days) and release experiments (15 days). Results showed that the 1.50 and [...] Read more.
The toxic effect and differences of Cr(VI) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, MDA, and metallothionein (MT) content in the hepatopancreas and gill of Portunus trituberculatus were investigated during Cr(VI) enrichment (15 days) and release experiments (15 days). Results showed that the 1.50 and 0.30 mg/L test groups significantly exhibited higher SOD, MDA, and MT content in the hepatopancreas and gill compared with the control group after 15 days of enrichment (p < 0.05). After 15 days of Cr release, the SOD, MDA, and MT content in the hepatopancreas and gill of both test groups recovered to the normal level of the control group (p > 0.05). The gill of P. trituberculatus achieved the highest SOD activity, MDA, and MT content earlier than the hepatopancreas, but the highest values were lower. The gill showed a shorter recovery time than the hepatopancreas. We concluded that the gill of P. trituberculatus exhibited a more rapid response to, and recovery from, Cr(VI) exposure compared to the hepatopancreas, making it a more sensitive tissue for assessing Cr(VI) toxicity, though both tissues showed a capacity for recovery after the removal of the contaminant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture Environments)
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13 pages, 1796 KiB  
Article
Using Muscle Element Fingerprint Analysis (EFA) to Trace and Determine the Source of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in the Yangtze River Basin
by Chao Song, Chengyao Yang, Feng Zhao, Jilin Xie, Hong Tao, Xiaorong Huang and Ping Zhuang
Fishes 2024, 9(8), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9080316 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 592
Abstract
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis are widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its related lakes. They are an important economic fish species and are a famous cultured species known as the “Four Famous Domestic Fishes” in China. Currently, with the fishing ban in the [...] Read more.
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis are widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its related lakes. They are an important economic fish species and are a famous cultured species known as the “Four Famous Domestic Fishes” in China. Currently, with the fishing ban in the Yangtze River basin, fishing for H. nobilis in the natural water bodies of the Yangtze River basin has been completely prohibited. In order to identify the sources of H. nobilis appearing in the market, further control and accountability is necessary to trace the sources of H. nobilis in the Yangtze River basin and its related water bodies. Therefore, this study identified and traced different sources of H. nobilis through muscle element fingerprint analysis (EFA). The results show that H. nobilis from different stations have characteristic element compositions. The characteristic element of H. nobilis from Wuhan (WH) is Pb, which is significantly higher than that in other stations; the characteristic element from Anqing (AQ) is Hg, which is significantly higher than that in other stations; and the characteristic element from Taihu (TH) is Al, which is significantly higher than that in other water areas. Multivariate analysis selected different spatial distribution patterns in four discriminative element ratios (Pb/Ca, Cr/Ca, Na/Ca, and Al/Ca) in the muscle of H. nobilis in the Yangtze River basin and its related lakes. This study suggests that the screened discriminative elements can be used to visually distinguish different sources of H. nobilis and to quickly trace and verify the origin of newly emerging samples. Therefore, the use of selected discriminative element fingerprint features to trace the origin of new samples has been proven to be feasible. By further discriminating and verifying the muscle element fingerprints of new samples, the discrimination rate is high. Therefore, a multivariate analysis of muscle element fingerprints can be used for tracing the origins of samples of unknown origin in market supervision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture Environments)
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15 pages, 334 KiB  
Article
Possible Metal Burden of Potentially Toxic Elements in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on Aquaculture Farm
by József Lehel, Melinda Plachy, Péter Palotás, András Bartha and Péter Budai
Fishes 2024, 9(7), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070252 - 1 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 847
Abstract
Aquaculture products are important parts of human nutrition due to their healthy components; however, they may contain elements that are potentially toxic to consumers. The aim of the study was to detect the concentration of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb by inductively coupled [...] Read more.
Aquaculture products are important parts of human nutrition due to their healthy components; however, they may contain elements that are potentially toxic to consumers. The aim of the study was to detect the concentration of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) originated from an aquaculture farm in Italy. The amount of As was 1.65 ± 0.49 mg/kg; however, the total As cannot be evaluated due to the absence of official regulation. The calculated EDI and THQ for the inorganic As content were below the reference values. The level of Cd was higher than the regulated limit in 30% of the samples; however, its EDI and THQ were below the recommended limit. The concentration of Hg was below the regulated maximum limit in all the samples. The detected amount of Pb was above the maximum limit in 10% of the samples; however, EDI and THQ were below the reference dose and recommended value. Despite higher concentrations of Cd and Pb than the official regulated limit, HI was below 1 for adults; thus, the consumption of the investigated rainbow trout is safe, but it was above the official regulated limit for children, resulting in a slight risk, particularly during long-term intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture Environments)
14 pages, 3271 KiB  
Article
Distribution and Management of Residual Antibiotics in the Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp Farming Environment: Recommendations for Effective Control
by Feipeng Li, Siyu Xie, Mingzhu Wang, Ling Chen and Haixiang Yu
Fishes 2024, 9(3), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9030084 - 23 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
This study specifically focused on Litopenaeus vannamei and examined the distribution of residual antibiotics in various components of shrimp ponds throughout an aquaculture cycle. The findings revealed that aquaculture feed served as the primary source of antibiotics, continuously introducing them into the ponds [...] Read more.
This study specifically focused on Litopenaeus vannamei and examined the distribution of residual antibiotics in various components of shrimp ponds throughout an aquaculture cycle. The findings revealed that aquaculture feed served as the primary source of antibiotics, continuously introducing them into the ponds throughout the entire production cycle. A multimedia distribution model for antibiotics in the ponds was established based on the principle of mass balance. The distribution characteristics of six antibiotics with higher levels in the feed, namely, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), norfloxacin (NOF), levofloxacin (LEOF), tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), were investigated in the pond water, sediment, and shrimp. At the end of the cultivation period, the total antibiotic residues accounted for 65~80% in various media, with the sediment containing 50~60% of the distribution proportion (p < 0.01), which was identified as the primary reservoir for most antibiotics, with LEOF and NOF accounting for the highest proportions (45.78% and 50.29%, respectively). Based on the model’s findings and the allowable daily dosage of antibiotics, recommendations were made for the effective control of antibiotic residues in shrimp farming management. To address the significant net loss of sulfonamides (SAs) and tetracyclines (TCs) in aquaculture production, it is crucial to carefully regulate their dosages and administration methods. Implementing eco-friendly additives and regularly cleaning surface sediments can aid in reducing antibiotic residue levels in various environmental media, thereby mitigating the environmental impact on aquaculture production activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture Environments)
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13 pages, 2187 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Determination of Seven Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Aquatic Products by Gas Chromatography
by Changling Fang, Xiaoyi Lou, Xuan Zhang, Siman Li, Yunyu Tang, Yongfu Shi and Dongmei Huang
Fishes 2024, 9(3), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9030079 - 20 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1785
Abstract
Aquatic products are good sources of essential nutrients, but the presence of pyrethroids (PYRs) as contaminants may pose risks to consumer health as the intricate matrices of PYRs usually obstruct chemical hazard detection. In this study, a gas chromatographic method was established and [...] Read more.
Aquatic products are good sources of essential nutrients, but the presence of pyrethroids (PYRs) as contaminants may pose risks to consumer health as the intricate matrices of PYRs usually obstruct chemical hazard detection. In this study, a gas chromatographic method was established and validated for simultaneously detecting residues of seven PYRs (cyhalothrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, fenvalerate, deltamethrin) in aquatic products. The aim of this method was to assess better the potential risks of pesticide residues in aquatic products. The PYRs in aquatic products were extracted with acetonitrile, purified with n-hexane saturated with acetonitrile, and cleaned up on a Cleanert® Alumina N column. Statistical analysis and orthogonal array experimental design were used to optimize the key parameters. To validate the proposed method, commonly consumed aquatic products (such as carp, crucian carp, whiteleg shrimp, river crab, sea cucumber, and scallop) were obtained from local supermarkets in Shanghai. Satisfied linearity of the calibration curves was achieved in a matrix-matched standard solution, with a correlation coefficient (R2) larger than 0.995. The average recoveries at five fortification levels varied from 77.0% to 117.2%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 11.1%. Concerning electron capture detection, the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 2.0–5.0 µg/kg and 5.0–10.0 µg/kg, respectively. These results demonstrate the high stability and sensitivity of this method for simultaneously detecting PYRs in aquatic products, having great practicability and which can be popularized easily. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Pollutant Residues in Aquatic Products and Aquaculture Environments)
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