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Fermentation
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The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process
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The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10298

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anestis Vlysidis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural University of Athens – Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
Interests: bioprocess engineering; sustainability assessment; biorefinery development; industrial biotechnology; life cycle management; wastes and by-products utilization
Dr. Aikaterini Papadaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Kefalonia, Greece
Interests: bioprocessing; food waste valorization; bioeconomy & food products development; edible films; oleogels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The transition from a fossil based economy to a circular bioeconomy requires the development of a high industrial symbiotic readiness level, continuous scientific innovations, and radical changes in the infrastructure of current industries. Biorefineries can play a crucial role for the establishment of this new type of economy, increasing the efficiencies of the raw materials with the circular use of biomass and promoting the production of biochemicals and high added value compounds from industrial by-products and waste streams.

The aim of this Special Issue is to develop all the latest advancements in the fermentation technology and bioprocessing for upgrading key industrial sectors into modern biorefineries raising the awareness to all stakeholders on opportunities of utilizing waste and by-product streams from major industrial activities for the production of platform chemicals and biopolymers. Special attention will be given on research topics, such as (i) fermentation as the core bioprocess in biorefinery development; (ii) alternative raw materials as potential feedstocks for industrial biotechnology applications; (iii) innovative pretreatment (fractionation of raw materials) and advanced downstream processing (product separation and recovery) technologies coupled with efficient and innovative fermentation processes; (iv) pilot-scale, demo scale, and commercial scale case studies on biorefineries using fermentation as the main process; and (v) sustainability assessment tools to measure the socio-economic and environmental performance of these innovative facilities.

Dr. Anestis Vlysidis
Dr. Aikaterini Papadaki
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioprocessing
  • biorefinery
  • alternative raw materials
  • utilization of industrial side streams
  • sustainability assessment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1723 KiB  
Article
Upgrading Major Waste Streams Derived from the Biodiesel Industry and Olive Mills via Microbial Bioprocessing with Non-Conventional Yarrowia lipolytica Strains
by Dimitris Sarris, Erminta Tsouko, Maria Kothri, Maria Anagnostou, Eleni Karageorgiou and Seraphim Papanikolaou
Fermentation 2023, 9(3), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030251 - 03 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1354
Abstract
This study reports the development of a bioprocess involving the valorization of biodiesel-derived glycerol as the main carbon source for cell proliferation of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and production of metabolic compounds, i.e., citric acid (Cit), polyols, and other bio-metabolites, the substitution of process [...] Read more.
This study reports the development of a bioprocess involving the valorization of biodiesel-derived glycerol as the main carbon source for cell proliferation of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and production of metabolic compounds, i.e., citric acid (Cit), polyols, and other bio-metabolites, the substitution of process tap water with olive mill wastewater (OMW) in batch fermentations, and partial detoxification of OMW (up to 31.1% decolorization). Increasing initial phenolics (Phen) of OMW-glycerol blends led to substantial Cit secretion. Maximum Cit values, varying between 64.1–65.1 g/L, combined with high yield (YCit/S = 0.682–0.690 g Cit/g carbon sources) and productivity (0.335–0.344 g/L/h) were achieved in the presence of Phen = 3 g/L. The notable accumulation of endopolysaccharides (EPs) on the produced biomass was determined when Y. lipolytica LMBF Y-46 (51.9%) and ACA-YC 5033 (61.5%) were cultivated on glycerol-based media. Blending with various amounts of OMW negatively affected EPs and polyols biosynthesis. The ratio of mannitol:arabitol:erythritol was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the fermentation media. Erythritol was the major polyol in the absence of OMW (53.5–62.32%), while blends of OMW-glycerol (with Phen = 1–3 g/L) promoted mannitol production (54.5–76.6%). Nitrogen-limited conditions did not favor the production of cellular lipids (up to 16.6%). This study addressed sustainable management and resource efficiency enabling the bioconversion of high-organic-load and toxic waste streams into valuable products within a circular bioeconomy approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process)
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17 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Biotechnological Production of Optically Pure 2,3-Butanediol by Bacillus subtilis Based on Dissolved Oxygen Control Strategy
by Suthkamol Suttikul, Dimitris Charalampopoulos and Afroditi Chatzifragkou
Fermentation 2023, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010015 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a promising platform chemical, produced from microbial cells. Oxygen availability is a crucial factor driving the formation and proportion of 2,3-BD and acetoin in 2,3-BD producing bacterial strains. In this study, the ability of B. subtills GD5 to produce 2,3-BD [...] Read more.
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a promising platform chemical, produced from microbial cells. Oxygen availability is a crucial factor driving the formation and proportion of 2,3-BD and acetoin in 2,3-BD producing bacterial strains. In this study, the ability of B. subtills GD5 to produce 2,3-BD in optimized sucrose-based media was evaluated, by investigating the impact of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and the effectiveness of alternative low-cost nitrogen sources (corn steep liquor, soybean meal, and ammonium sulphate). Subsequently, different dissolved oxygen (DO) controlling regimes were assessed in batch bioreactor fermentations. The best fermentation outcomes were obtained with uncontrolled DO, achieving 5.88 g/L of optically pure (R,R)-2,3-BD (~100% purity), accompanied by a production yield of 0.43 g/g, and a productivity of 0.2 g/L/h. Additionally, the influence of the DO controlling regime on B. subtills key enzymes involved in the reverse activity of acetoin reductase was also monitored. A fed-batch process under the most suitable DO conditions was carried out to improve 2,3-BD production, achieving 42.31 g/L 2,3-BD with a production yield of 0.52 g/g. Thus, B. subtilis GD5 is a promising strain for the efficient production of pure chiral (R,R)-2,3-BD under uncontrolled DO conditions, using alternative low-cost nitrogen sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process)
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16 pages, 973 KiB  
Article
Growth Potential of Selected Yeast Strains Cultivated on Xylose-Based Media Mimicking Lignocellulosic Wastewater Streams: High Production of Microbial Lipids by Rhodosporidium toruloides
by Savvoula Michou, Erminta Tsouko, Eleni-Stavroula Vastaroucha, Panagiota Diamantopoulou and Seraphim Papanikolaou
Fermentation 2022, 8(12), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120713 - 07 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
The potential of Rhodosporidium toruloides, Candida oleophila, Metschnikowia pulcherima, and Cryptococcus curvatus species to produce single-cell-oil (SCO) and other valuable metabolites on low-cost media, based on commercial-type xylose, was investigated. Rhodosporidium strains were further evaluated in shake-flasks using different lignosulphonate (LS) [...] Read more.
The potential of Rhodosporidium toruloides, Candida oleophila, Metschnikowia pulcherima, and Cryptococcus curvatus species to produce single-cell-oil (SCO) and other valuable metabolites on low-cost media, based on commercial-type xylose, was investigated. Rhodosporidium strains were further evaluated in shake-flasks using different lignosulphonate (LS) concentrations, in media mimicking waste streams derived from the paper and pulp industry. Increasing the LS concentration up to 40 g/L resulted in enhanced dry cell weight (DCW) while SCO production increased up to ~5.0 g/L when R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012 and DSM 4444 were employed. The intra-cellular polysaccharide production ranged from 0.9 to 2.3 g/L in all fermentations. Subsequent fed-batch bioreactor experiments with R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012 using 20 g/L of LS and xylose, led to SCO production of 17.0 g/L with maximum lipids in DCW (YL/X) = 57.0% w/w. The fatty acid (FA) profile in cellular lipids showed that oleic (50.3–63.4% w/w) and palmitic acid (23.9–31.0%) were the major FAs. Only SCO from batch trials of R. toruloides strains contained α-linolenic acid. Media that was supplemented with various LS concentrations enhanced the unsaturation profile of SCO from R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012. SCO from R. toruloides strains could replace plant-based commodity oils in oleochemical-operations and/or it could be micro- and nano-encapsulated into novel food-based formulas offering healthier food-products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process)
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16 pages, 1752 KiB  
Article
Lactobacilli and Moesziomyces Biosurfactants: Toward a Closed-Loop Approach for the Dairy Industry
by Vasiliki Kachrimanidou, Maria Alexandri, Miguel Figueiredo Nascimento, Dimitra Alimpoumpa, Nuno Torres Faria, Aikaterini Papadaki, Frederico Castelo Ferreira and Nikolaos Kopsahelis
Fermentation 2022, 8(10), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100517 - 06 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
Research on biosurfactants (BS) is consistently increasing in the past years, driven from their beneficial attributes over chemical surfactants. Lactobacilli (LAB) and yeast BS producers could prevail over the pathogenic strains, owing to their GRAS status, to broaden end-applications toward the food and [...] Read more.
Research on biosurfactants (BS) is consistently increasing in the past years, driven from their beneficial attributes over chemical surfactants. Lactobacilli (LAB) and yeast BS producers could prevail over the pathogenic strains, owing to their GRAS status, to broaden end-applications toward the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the increased cost of production confers a bottleneck for the industrial manufacture. Hence, the exploitation of agro-industrial waste and by-products as fermentation supplements is currently on the spotlight. This study elaborates on the efficient production of lactobacilli and Moesziomyces BS via cheese whey (CW) bioprocessing. Subsequently, the obtained BS were individually assessed in fermented milk production using as starter culture the initial LAB strain used for BS synthesis. Physicochemical and microbiological assessment was performed during storage. Results indicated that LAB-BS addition increased the lactobacilli concentration, whereby mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) inclusion showed a positive effect on syneresis. Aiming to develop a closed-loop process, for the first time, LAB cells after BS extraction were sequentially applied for sour milk production, demonstrating the ability for cell re-utilization. This study introduces a holistic and circular configuration that consolidates CW valorization for BS production, that are re-introduced in the food supply, to complement the resilience of the dairy industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process)
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19 pages, 2709 KiB  
Article
Coproduction of Microbial Oil and Carotenoids within the Circular Bioeconomy Concept: A Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation Approach
by Miguel Ángel Villegas-Méndez, Julio Montañez, Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel, Iván Salmerón, Apostolis Koutinas and Lourdes Morales-Oyervides
Fermentation 2022, 8(6), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8060258 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2745
Abstract
The main objective of integrative biorefinery platforms is to propose efficient green methodologies addressed to obtain high-value compounds with low emissions through biochemical conversions. This work first screened the capacity of various oleaginous yeast to cosynthesize high-value biomolecules such as lipids and carotenoids. [...] Read more.
The main objective of integrative biorefinery platforms is to propose efficient green methodologies addressed to obtain high-value compounds with low emissions through biochemical conversions. This work first screened the capacity of various oleaginous yeast to cosynthesize high-value biomolecules such as lipids and carotenoids. Selected strains were evaluated for their ability to coproduce such biocompounds in the waste-based media of agro-food (brewer’s spent grain, pasta processing waste and bakery waste). Carbon and nitrogen source feedstock was obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis of the agro-food waste, where up to 80% of total sugar/starch conversion was obtained. Then, the profitability of the bioprocess for microbial oil (MO) and carotenoids production by Sporobolomyces roseus CFGU-S005 was estimated via simulation using SuperPro Designer®. Results showed the benefits of establishing optimum equipment scheduling by identifying bottlenecks to increase profitability. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the impact of MO price and batch throughput on process economics. A profitable process was achieved with a MO batch throughput of 3.7 kg/batch (ROI 31%, payback time 3.13 years). The results revealed areas that require further improvement to achieve a sustainable and competitive process for the microbial production of carotenoids and lipids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Fermentation Technology in the Biorefining Process)
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