Research

24 pages, 12320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Turbine Fast Valving Setting Method Based on the Hybrid Simulation Approach

by Nikolay Ruban, Anton Kievets, Mikhail Andreev and Aleksey Suvorov

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1745; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041745 - 09 Feb 2023

Viewed by 910

Turbine fast valving is one way to preserve the stability of power systems in case of emergency excess power. The determination of optimal setting parameters of turbine fast valving is a rather complicated task. It is connected with the necessity to determine the [...] Read more.

Turbine fast valving is one way to preserve the stability of power systems in case of emergency excess power. The determination of optimal setting parameters of turbine fast valving is a rather complicated task. It is connected with the necessity to determine the parameters of an electrical signal, which controls by means of an amplifier the position of control valves and, accordingly, the value of the output turbine power. The amplitude, duration, as well as the form of the electric signal influence the speed and depth of turbine unloading; they also determine the character of transient process development, including in the post-emergency mode. The proposed approach differs from the currently used one in that the optimal electrical signal shape is selected by multiple detailed modelling in power system simulators, rather than one of three to five initial settings determined at the turbine manufacturer without taking into account the response of the power system. Thus, when using complete and reliable information regarding the processes in the turbine and generator equipment, its control systems, and the power system as a whole, it becomes possible to form the necessary shape of an electrical signal in the event of losing stability in a place of interest in the power system due to the occurrence of an emergency excess of generated active power of various values. The developed approach was tested, and the results of the study were verified by the field data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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12 pages, 3128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Control of the Energy Impact of Electric Discharges in a Liquid Phase

by Evgeniy Titov, Ivan Bodrikov and Dmitry Titov

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1683; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041683 - 08 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 993

Abstract

This paper describes the scheme and algorithm for controlling a laboratory setup that result in low uncertainty and high convergence with respect to the characteristics of electric discharges under the conditions of variable parameters of a reaction medium. The article presents current and [...] Read more.

This paper describes the scheme and algorithm for controlling a laboratory setup that result in low uncertainty and high convergence with respect to the characteristics of electric discharges under the conditions of variable parameters of a reaction medium. The article presents current and voltage oscillograms when processing hydrocarbon raw materials. Methods for calculating the energy impact of electrical discharge are described. A comparison is made between the parameters of electric discharge with current pulse limitations and those without current pulse duration limitations. The proposed approach to controlling the characteristics of electric discharges provides the same parameters of nonthermal nonequilibrium plasma and, as a result, a regular composition of the products of plasma pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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11 pages, 7255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Vibration in Induction Motor Caused by Supply Voltage Distortion

by Artem Ermolaev, Vladimir Erofeev, Aleksandr Plekhov and Dmitry Titov

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9600; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249600 - 17 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1388

Abstract

This article discusses magnetic vibrations in squirrel-cage induction motor stators and provides a mathematical description of the process of their excitation. A model of a 30 kW squirrel-cage induction motor was developed in finite element software. This model considers the motor geometry, material [...] Read more.

This article discusses magnetic vibrations in squirrel-cage induction motor stators and provides a mathematical description of the process of their excitation. A model of a 30 kW squirrel-cage induction motor was developed in finite element software. This model considers the motor geometry, material properties and stator winding. The electromagnetic and mechanical processes in the motor during the rotation of the rotor were considered. In the course of this study, currents of various harmonic compositions and amplitudes were applied to the motor windings, which caused magnetic noise, vibration and pulsations of the electromagnetic torque. Magnetic noises, vibrations and pulsations of the electromagnetic torque were investigated in the case of imbalance and harmonic distortions of the supply voltage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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13 pages, 3008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research and Development of Adjustable Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation Method for Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter

by Andrey Dar’enkov, Victor Sokolov, Anton Sluzov, Ivan Berdnikov and Andrey Shalukho

Energies 2022, 15(20), 7463; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207463 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1219

Abstract

Continuous pulse width modulation (CPWM) and discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) strategies are used to control voltage source inverter operation. CPWM strategies allow for the reduction of total harmonic distortion values, while DPWM strategies provide a more effective reduction in inverter switching losses. [...] Read more.

Continuous pulse width modulation (CPWM) and discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) strategies are used to control voltage source inverter operation. CPWM strategies allow for the reduction of total harmonic distortion values, while DPWM strategies provide a more effective reduction in inverter switching losses. The paper is devoted to the problem of improving the three-phase voltage source inverter efficiency by a controlled transition from CPWM to DPWM. The article proposes an adjustable discontinuous pulse width modulation (ADPWM) method, which means a transition from space vector PWM (refers to CPWM strategies) to DPWM in all inverter phases when the switches’ temperatures exceed the allowable value in at least one of the inverter phases. The method flowchart is presented and an algorithm for modifying the envelope curve within one sector is given. In order to test the ADPWM method a Simulink-model of a three-phase voltage source inverter and its control system were developed. A study of the proposed ADPWM method’s efficiency in comparison with CPWM, PCDPWM and NCDPWM methods was carried out using a Simulink-model. It was established that the proposed ADPWM method provides dynamic losses reduction in the inverter switches by 2.86 times compared to CPWM and by 1.89 times compared to PCDPWM and NCDPWM methods. Power supply systems for medium and high-power AC motors provide a promising area for application of the proposed ADPWM method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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19 pages, 9501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relay Protection and Automation Algorithms of Electrical Networks Based on Simulation and Machine Learning Methods

by Aleksandr Kulikov, Anton Loskutov and Dmitriy Bezdushniy

Energies 2022, 15(18), 6525; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186525 - 07 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2470

Abstract

The tendencies and perspective directions of development of modern digital devices of relay protection and automation (RPA) are considered. One of the promising ways to develop protection and control systems is the development of fundamentally new algorithms for recognizing emergency modes. They work [...] Read more.

The tendencies and perspective directions of development of modern digital devices of relay protection and automation (RPA) are considered. One of the promising ways to develop protection and control systems is the development of fundamentally new algorithms for recognizing emergency modes. They work in accordance with the triggering rule, which is formed after processing the results of model experiments. These algorithms are able to simultaneously control a large number of features or mode parameters (current, voltage, resistance, phase, etc.). Thus, the algorithms are multidimensional. This approach in RPA becomes available since the computing power of modern processors is quite enough to process the required amount of statistical data on the parameters of possible normal and emergency operation modes of electrical network sections. The application of classical machine learning algorithms in RPA tasks is analyzed, in particular, methods of k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, and support vectors. The use of specialized trainable triggering elements is studied both for building new protections and for improving the sophistication of traditional types of relay protection devices. The developed triggering elements of the multi-parameter RPA contribute to an increase in the sensitivity and recognition of accidents. The proposed methods for recognizing emergency modes are appropriate for implementation in intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) of digital substations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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14 pages, 3845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Medium-Voltage Distribution Network Parameter Optimization Using a Thyristor Voltage Regulator

by Elena Sosnina, Aleksey Kralin, Anatoly Asabin and Evgeny Kryukov

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5756; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155756 - 08 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1428

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of steady-state conditions of a distribution network containing a thyristor voltage regulator. The thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) is a new controlled semiconductor device developed at Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev (NNSTU). The TVR [...] Read more.

The article is devoted to the study of steady-state conditions of a distribution network containing a thyristor voltage regulator. The thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) is a new controlled semiconductor device developed at Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev (NNSTU). The TVR allows the optimization of the parameters of 6–20 kV distribution networks (currents and voltages) by voltage regulation. An analytical calculation of electromagnetic processes of a distribution network with the TVR has been carried out. The verification of the obtained results has been made using a computer simulation. The dependences of the current and power on additional voltage introduced by the TVR under different voltage regulation modes have been obtained. It has been shown that the use of the TVR enables optimal flow distribution to be ensured over the power transmission lines in proportion to their transfer capability when changing load power and its power factor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

38 pages, 3214 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Efficiency Improvement Technologies of Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems for Decreasing Fuel Consumption

by Elena Sosnina, Andrey Dar’enkov, Andrey Kurkin, Ivan Lipuzhin and Andrey Mamonov

Energies 2023, 16(1), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010184 - 24 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1275

Abstract

The article contains current information on the development of energy-efficient technologies of wind–diesel hybrid systems (WDHS) for decreasing organic fuel consumption. As a result of the review, three research directions are identified: WDHS design optimization, the main equipment and control system improvements. A [...] Read more.

The article contains current information on the development of energy-efficient technologies of wind–diesel hybrid systems (WDHS) for decreasing organic fuel consumption. As a result of the review, three research directions are identified: WDHS design optimization, the main equipment and control system improvements. A comparison of their effectiveness is presented. The methods of selecting WDHS configuration, equipment capacities and location, the optimization algorithms and objective functions used are described and WDHS project feasibility calculation results are presented. The methods to improve energy efficiency of WDHS major units’ (diesel generator (DG) and wind turbine (WT)) are considered. The methods to decrease diesel fuel consumption using special devices and energy storage system are presented. Special attention is paid to WDHS operating modes’ control methods and strategies, as well as to algorithms providing the efficient system operation. As a result, recommendations for the design of both isolated and on-grid WDHS are formulated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

16 pages, 1300 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

New Trends and Prospects for Developing Local Power Sources Based on Fuel Cells and Power Storage Units for Critical Infrastructure Customers

by Alexey Loskutov, Andrey Kurkin, Andrey Shalukho and Ivan Lipuzhin

Energies 2023, 16(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010197 - 24 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1354

Abstract

A reliable and efficient power supply for critical infrastructure customers is key to ensuring energy security. Critical infrastructure requires local power sources. Currently, performance requirements for such sources have significantly increased. Apart from high energy efficiency, important requirements include quick start-up time, small [...] Read more.

A reliable and efficient power supply for critical infrastructure customers is key to ensuring energy security. Critical infrastructure requires local power sources. Currently, performance requirements for such sources have significantly increased. Apart from high energy efficiency, important requirements include quick start-up time, small size, environmental friendliness, low noise, etc. These may be provided by fuel cells, which are considered the most prospective sources of electric power. However, it is necessary to overcome a number of obstacles limiting fuel cell efficiency in power supply systems for critical infrastructure customers. This paper presents the results of design analysis in the field of fuel cell, hydrogen conversion and power storage technologies. An assessment is given of promising studies aimed at combining the abovementioned technologies to create local power sources to ensure reliable power supply to critical infrastructure objects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Solutions and Devices for the Power Industry)

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