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Energies
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Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling
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Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 13964

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paul Byrne

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LGCGM, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
Interests: refrigeration; thermodynamics; energy efficiency; desalination

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Refrigeration and heat pump systems are used as cooling and heating devices, but each one can also do both cooling and heating. Reversible heat pumps were first used for heating or cooling alternatively. However, the best COP is obtained when the heating and cooling productions are simultaneous.

Situations in which simultaneous demands coexist are numerous, including the following:

  • space heating and cooling of glazed buildings
  • server room cooling and space heating in office buildings
  • space cooling and domestic hot water production in hotels
  • space cooling and desalination in coastal zones
  • ice rink cooling and swimming pool heating in the same complex
  • heat recovery in refrigeration systems in the agro-food industry

Some of the specific characteristics of heat pumps for simultaneous heating and cooling are the presence of extra heat exchangers with external source or sink, an associated operating strategy, and storage systems that help enlarge the simultaneity of productions.

As heat fluxes do not have the same quality at high and low temperature, exergy analysis is likely to be employed to assess the performance. Minimization of exergy destruction or entropy generation is a fully adapted method to optimize these systems.

This Special Issue intends to collect past and new studies on the subject and to present best practices for the design, performance assessment, and optimization of heat pumps for simultaneous heating and cooling.

Dr. Paul Byrne
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Heat pump
  • Refrigeration
  • Simultaneous heating and cooling
  • Exergy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 175 KiB  
Editorial
Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling, a Special Issue
by Paul Byrne
Energies 2022, 15(16), 5933; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165933 - 16 Aug 2022
Viewed by 952
Abstract
Refrigeration and heat pump systems are used as cooling and heating devices, but each one can also carry out both cooling and heating [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling)

Research

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25 pages, 5019 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Modelling and Validation of an Air-to-Water Reversible R744 Heat Pump for High Energy Demand Buildings
by Paolo Artuso, Giacomo Tosato, Antonio Rossetti, Sergio Marinetti, Armin Hafner, Krzysztof Banasiak and Silvia Minetto
Energies 2021, 14(24), 8238; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248238 - 7 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3350
Abstract
This paper presents a reversible heat pump based on CO2 as the refrigerant, able to provide heating, cooling, and domestic hot water to high energy demand buildings. The unit was developed and tested under the EU H2020 project MultiPACK, which has the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a reversible heat pump based on CO2 as the refrigerant, able to provide heating, cooling, and domestic hot water to high energy demand buildings. The unit was developed and tested under the EU H2020 project MultiPACK, which has the main goal of assuring the market about the feasibility, reliability, and energy efficiency of CO2 integrated systems for heating and cooling and promoting a fast transition to low environmental impact solutions. Within the project, the confidence raising was performed by installation and monitoring of fully integrated state-of-the art CO2 systems in the Southern European Climate. With the aim of predicting the unit behaviour under variable load and boundary conditions, a dynamic model of the entire unit was developed with commercial software, considering actual components and the implemented control system and it was validated with experimental data, collected at the factory’s lab before commissioning. The validation against experimental data collected during operation as a heat pump demonstrated a maximum percentage difference between the experimental and predicted value of gas–cooler heat flow rate equal to +5.0%. A preliminary comparison with the experimental data in chiller configuration is reported, however further development was required to achieve a satisfactory validation. Lastly, the numerical model was utilized to simulate a typical operation in heat pump configuration with the system coupled with a hot water tank storage for the production of domestic hot water and space heating; the model predicts higher COP when operating in domestic hot water operation due to the lower water inlet temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling)
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19 pages, 2311 KiB  
Article
Energy Savings of Simultaneous Heating and Cooling System According to Indoor Set Temperature Changes in the Comfort Range
by Dae-Uk Shin and Chang-Ho Jeong
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7691; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227691 - 17 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1674
Abstract
This study was conducted to derive the amount of energy savings when applying the method of making the load similar by changing the set temperature of the room in the building to which the simultaneous heating and cooling (SHC) system is applied. Energy [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to derive the amount of energy savings when applying the method of making the load similar by changing the set temperature of the room in the building to which the simultaneous heating and cooling (SHC) system is applied. Energy savings were derived through theoretical analysis and comparisons through static simulations were performed to verify the proposed method. As a result, the energy savings are proportional to the energy limit that can be additionally input to the SHC and is proportional to the ratio of the coefficient of performance (COP) difference between the SHC and auxiliary heat source and the auxiliary heat source COP. That is, to increase the amount of energy savings, the maximum possible energy should be input for the SHC, or the SHC COP must be greater than the auxiliary heat source COP. In addition, comfort can be achieved stably by varying the set room temperature in a room with a small load. When a heat storage tank is installed or changing the indoor set temperature of both the hot and cold zones in real time by predicting the indoor load is possible, more energy can be saved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling)
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21 pages, 5079 KiB  
Article
Modeling of a CO2-Based Integrated Refrigeration System for Supermarkets
by Ángel Á. Pardiñas, Michael Jokiel, Christian Schlemminger, Håkon Selvnes and Armin Hafner
Energies 2021, 14(21), 6926; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216926 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1997
Abstract
An integrated energy system that consists of a centralized refrigeration unit can deliver the entire HVAC&R (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration) demand for a supermarket. CO2 (R744) is a natural refrigerant that is becoming increasingly popular for these centralized units due [...] Read more.
An integrated energy system that consists of a centralized refrigeration unit can deliver the entire HVAC&R (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration) demand for a supermarket. CO2 (R744) is a natural refrigerant that is becoming increasingly popular for these centralized units due to significant energy and cost savings, while also being sustainable, safe, and non-toxic. This study focuses on the fully integrated CO2 refrigeration system configuration for a supermarket in Porto de Mos, Portugal, which was equipped and fully monitored through the EU-funded project MultiPACK. A dynamic system model was developed in Modelica and validated against measurement data from the site recorded for one week. The model is used to provide additional ejector performance data supporting the obtained measurement data and to evaluate the system configuration at equivalent boundary conditions. The simulation results show that the installation of a vapor ejector (high-pressure lift) is sufficient to improve the efficiency of the unit compared to an ejector-less (high-pressure valve) system. However, more notable enhancements are achieved by including additional flooded evaporation with liquid ejectors and smart regulation of the receiver pressure, adding up to a global efficiency increase of 15% if compared to the high-pressure valve system during the validation week. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling)
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13 pages, 2799 KiB  
Article
Parametric Study of a Long-Duration Energy Storage Using Pumped-Hydro and Carbon Dioxide Transcritical Cycles
by Paul Byrne and Pascal Lalanne
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4401; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154401 - 21 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1893
Abstract
The urgent energy transition needs a better penetration of renewable energy in the world’s energy mix. The intermittency of renewables requires the use of longer-term storage. The present system uses water displacement, in a lined rock cavern or in an aerial pressurised vessel, [...] Read more.
The urgent energy transition needs a better penetration of renewable energy in the world’s energy mix. The intermittency of renewables requires the use of longer-term storage. The present system uses water displacement, in a lined rock cavern or in an aerial pressurised vessel, as the virtual piston of compressor and expander functions in a carbon dioxide heat pump cycle (HPC) and in an organic transcritical cycle (OTC). Within an impermeable membrane, carbon dioxide is compressed and expanded by filling and emptying pumped-hydro water. Carbon dioxide exchanges heat with two atmospheric thermal storage pits. The hot fluid and ice pits are charged by the HPC when renewable energy becomes available and discharged by the OTC when electricity is needed. A numerical model was built to replicate the system’s losses and to calculate its round-trip efficiency (RTE). A subsequent parametric study highlights key parameters for sizing and optimisation. With an expected RTE of around 70%, this CO2 PHES (pumped-hydro electricity storage) coupled with PTES (pumped thermal energy storage) could become a game-changer by allowing the efficient storage of intermittent renewable energy and by integrating with district heating and cooling networks, as required by cities and industry in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling)
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Review

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43 pages, 9649 KiB  
Review
Research Summary and Literature Review on Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling for Buildings
by Paul Byrne
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3529; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103529 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2875
Abstract
A heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) is a refrigeration machine by which the productions of heating and cooling energies are simultaneously valorized. This introductory article presents the uses of heat pump productions under the form of an analysis of thermal [...] Read more.
A heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) is a refrigeration machine by which the productions of heating and cooling energies are simultaneously valorized. This introductory article presents the uses of heat pump productions under the form of an analysis of thermal demands of different types of buildings and a literature review of real installations and experimental systems, which are the basis of the construction of numerical models. The applications of HPSs are diverse: space heating and cooling, domestic hot water (DHW), hot water for desalination process, etc. Means and methods for improving the performance of refrigeration cycles and the management of heat and cold productions are developed, including modeling and simulation. New refrigeration circuit architectures were designed. A focus is paid on refrigerants. Prototypes combining heating-cooling, heating-cooling-DHW and cooling-desalination have been developed, built and tested to validate the models. Even though a strong simultaneity of thermal demands is essential, the results show that HPSs are generally very efficient systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling)
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