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Special Issue "Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems"

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 August 2023) | Viewed by 5401

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mohamed Mosaad

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu 46452, Saudi Arabia
Interests: power system stability; control; optimization; renewable energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A new global energy economy is being created as a result of the faster-than-ever worldwide expansion of renewable energy production. This expansion is accomplished by incorporating some renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. The electrical systems become more sophisticated as a result of the integration and present new difficulties. One of these difficulties, as in PV and wind systems, is the unpredictable nature of the energy produced by these renewable sources as well as their dependency on environmental changes. The integration process will also require power electronic switches. Consequently, to improve and support the performance of these grid-integrated renewable sources, contemporary control, flexible devices, and optimization methodologies should be introduced. The following are only a few examples of the subjects of interest:

Modern power system operation and control;
Distributed generation;
Modern FACTS device control techniques in contemporary power systems;
Modern optimization techniques for improving the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid;
Security and resiliency of hybrid power systems.

Dr. Mohamed Mosaad
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

power systems
distributed generation
renewable energy
FACTS
adaptive control

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Parametric Study and Optimization of No-Blocking Heliostat Field Layout

Dhikra Derbal

Abdallah Abderrezak

Seif Eddine Chehaidia

Majdi T. Amin

Mohamed I. Mosaad

and

Tarek A. Abdul-Fattah

Energies 2023, 16(13), 4943; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134943 - 26 Jun 2023

Viewed by 875

Abstract

Generating electric power using solar thermal systems is effective, particularly for countries with high solar potential. In order to decide on a relevant location to implement the solar tower plant and develop the mathematical model of a no-blocking heliostat field, a meteorological assessment was discussed in this paper. In addition, a parametric study was examined to evaluate the effect of the designed parameters (heliostat size, heliostat height from the ground, tower height, receiver aperture, and the minimum radius) on the solar field’s performance. The preliminary solar field was then compared to the final design using the optimal design parameters. The obtained results showed that “Tamanrasset City” satisfied the necessary conditions for implementing a solar tower plant. According to preliminary solar field generation, no heliostat blocked its neighbor with a blocking efficiency of 100%. An analysis of its performance revealed that the optimized solar field would be capable of producing 15, 6571 MW, operating at an optical efficiency of 76.95%, and the enhancement rate of both efficiency and power output was 8.1%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems)

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Open AccessArticle

Performance Enhancement of Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems Using UPFC

M. Osama abed el-Raouf

and

Energies 2023, 16(11), 4362; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114362 - 27 May 2023

Viewed by 702

Abstract

No one denies the importance of renewable energy sources in modern power systems in terms of sustainability and environmental conservation. However, due to their reliance on environmental change, they are unreliable systems. This paper uses a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to enhance the reliability and performance of grid-tied renewable energy systems. This system consists of two renewable sources, namely photovoltaic cells (PV) and wind turbines (WTs). The UPFC was selected for its unique advantage in both active and reactive power control. The UPFC is controlled with an optimized Fractional Order Proportional–Integral–Derivative (FOPID) controller. The parameters of this controller were tuned using an Atomic Search Optimization (ASO) algorithm. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the suggested controller in supporting the reliability and performance of the hybrid power system during some disturbance events including voltage sag, swell, and unbalanced loading. In addition, power quality can be improved through reducing the total harmonic distortion. It is worth mentioning that two maximum point tracking techniques had been included for the PV and WT systems separately. MATLAB/SIMULINK 2021a software was used to model the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems)

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Open AccessArticle

Direct Power Control for Three-Level Multifunctional Voltage Source Inverter of PV Systems Using a Simplified Super-Twisting Algorithm

and

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4103; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104103 - 15 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 930

Abstract

This study proposes a simplified super-twisting algorithm (SSTA) control strategy for improving the power quality of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power systems. Some quality issues are considered in this study including the power factor, reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of current, compensating the reactive power, and injecting at the same time the energy supplied by the PV system into the grid considering non-linear load. This improvement is achieved by two topologies; controlling both the boost DC–DC converter and the DC–AC inverter that links the PV system to the grid. The DC–DC converter is controlled using proportional-integral (PI) and SSTA to maximize the power generated from the PV panel regardless of its normal and abnormal conditions, while the DC–AC inverter is employed to direct power control strategy with modified space vector modulation using the phase-locked loop (PLL) technique of a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter based on the proposed strategies (PI and SSTA). In addition, a shunt active power filter (SAPF) is used to connect the PV system to the AC grid and feed a non-linear load. To validate the simulation results presented in this paper using Matlab software, a comparative study between the PI controller and the SSTA is presented. The results show the effectiveness and moderation of the suggested SSTA technique in terms of feasibility, tracking performance, less power ripple, dynamic response, THD value, overshoot, steady-state error, and robustness under varying irradiation, temperature, and non-linear conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems)

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Open AccessArticle

Optimal Allocation and Size of Renewable Energy Sources as Distributed Generations Using Shark Optimization Algorithm in Radial Distribution Systems

and

Energies 2023, 16(10), 3983; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16103983 - 09 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228

Abstract

The need for energy has significantly increased in the world in recent years. Various research works were presented to develop Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) as green energy Distributed Generations (DGs) to satisfy this demand. In addition, alleviating environmental problems caused by utilizing conventional power plants is diminished by these renewable sources. The optimal location and size of the DG-RESs significantly affect the performance of Radial Distribution Systems (RDSs) through the fine bus voltage profile, senior power quality, low power losses, and high efficiency. This paper investigates the use of PV (photovoltaic) and (Wind Turbine) WT systems as a DG source in RDSs. This investigation is presented via the optimal location and size of the PV and WT systems, which are the most used DG sources. This optimization problem aims to maximize system efficiency by minimizing power losses and improving both voltage profile and power quality using White Shark Optimization (WSO). This algorithm emulates the attitude of great white sharks when foraging using their senses of hearing and smell. It confirms the balance between exploration and exploitation to discover optimization that is considered as the main advantage of this approach in attaining the global minimum. To assess the suggested approach, three common RDSs are utilized, namely, IEEE 33, 69, and 85 node systems. The results prove that the applied WSO approach can find the best location and size of the RESs to reduce power loss, ameliorate the voltage profile, and outlast other recent strategies. Adding more units provides a high percentage of reducing losses by at least 93.52% in case of WTs, rather than 52.267% in the case of PVs. Additionally, the annual saving increased to USD 74,371.97, USD 82,127.257, and USD 86,731.16 with PV penetration, while it reached USD 104,872.96, USD 116,136.57, and USD 155,184.893 with WT penetration for the 33, 69, and 85 nodes, respectively. In addition, a considerable enhancement in the voltage profiles with the growth of PV and WT units was confirmed. The ability of the suggested WSO for feasible implementation was validated and inspected by preserving the restrictions and working constraints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Techno-Economic Potential of Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production in Djibouti: Literature Review and Case Studies

Abdoulkader Ibrahim Idriss

Ramadan Ali Ahmed

Hamda Abdi Atteyeh

Omar Abdoulkader Mohamed

and

Haitham Saad Mohamed Ramadan

Energies 2023, 16(16), 6055; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166055 - 18 Aug 2023

Viewed by 333

Abstract

Disputed supply chains, inappropriate weather and low investment, followed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, has led to a phenomenal energy crisis, especially in the Horn of Africa. Accordingly, proposing eco-friendly and sustainable solutions to diversify the access of electricity in the Republic of Djibouti, which has no conventional energy resources and is completely energy-dependent on its neighboring countries, has become a must. Therefore, the implementation of sustainable renewable and energy storage systems is nationally prioritized. This paper deals, for the first time, with the exploitation of such an affordable and carbon-free resource to produce hydrogen from wind energy in the rural areas of Nagad and Bara Wein in Djibouti. The production of hydrogen and the relevant CO₂ emission reduction using different De Wind D6, Vestas and Nordex wind turbines are displayed while using Alkaline and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. The Bara Wein and Nagad sites had a monthly wind speed above 7 m/s. From the results, the Nordex turbine accompanied with the alkaline electrolyzer provides the most affordable electricity production, approximately 0.0032 $/kWh for both sites; this cost is about one per hundred the actual imported hydroelectric energy price. Through the ecological analysis, the Nordex turbine is the most suitable wind turbine, with a CO₂ emission reduction of 363.58 tons for Bara Wein compared to 228.76 tons for Nagad. While integrating the initial cost of wind turbine implementation in the capital investment, the mass and the levelized cost of the produced green hydrogen are estimated as (29.68 tons and 11.48 $/kg) for Bara Wein with corresponding values of (18.68 tons and 18.25 $/kg) for Nagad. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems)

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Open AccessReview

Single-Phase Microgrid Power Quality Enhancement Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

Hussain A. Alhaiz

Ahmed S. Alsafran

and

Ali H. Almarhoon

Energies 2023, 16(14), 5576; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145576 - 24 Jul 2023

Viewed by 717

Abstract

Renewable distributed generators (RDGs) have made inroads in recent power systems owing to the environmental effect of traditional generators and their high consumption of electric energy. The widespread use of RDGs has been a recent trend in numerous nations. The integration complexity and the intermittent nature of RDGs can undermine the security and stability of microgrids (µGs). In order to guarantee the effectiveness, dependability, and quality of the electricity delivered, appropriate control methods are necessary. RDGs are being included in single-phase microgrids (1Ø-µGs) to generate energy closer to the user. The creation of low-voltage µGs allows for increased energy efficiency and improved electrical supply dependability. Nevertheless, the combined power pumped by DGs might create power quality (PQ) difficulties, especially during off-grid operations. The three biggest problems with PQ are reactive-power swapping, voltage and frequency (VαF) variations, and current and voltage (IαV) harmonic falsification associated with 1Ø-µGs; these conditions may affect the operation of µGs. The designed and implemented (primary–secondary control systems) in RDGs are the prevalent strategy discussed in the literature for mitigating these PQ difficulties. Furthermore, emerging grid innovations like the electrical spring offer viable alternatives that might reduce some problems through decentralized operation. Although several research studies have addressed PQ concerns in 3Ø-µGs, not all of these solutions are immediately applicable to their 1Ø equivalents. In this paper, the state of the art and a performance comparison of several PQ enhancement strategies of µGs is discussed. Additionally, the primary difficulties and several PQ approach tactics are highlighted. All vital features from high-quality published articles and new dimensions in this field are presented for mitigating PQ difficulties in 1Ø-µGs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Renewable Energy Generation Systems)

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