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Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future
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Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 24 November 2025 | Viewed by 3641

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Volodymyr Shentsov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hydrogen Safety Engineering and Research Centre (HySAFER), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
Interests: hydrogen energy; hydrogen safety; CFD

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will include studies related to the development, implementation, and optimization of clean hydrogen energy systems, highlighting their fundamental role in shaping our energy future.

Authors are encouraged to submit their research papers on various aspects of hydrogen energy systems, including hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and utilization of hydrogen, as well as its decommissioning and applications related to sustainable technologies.

The production aspect of hydrogen energy systems can include research related to production, optimization, cost reduction, and sustainable production methods. The storage and distribution aspect can cover advances in storage technologies, distribution networks, and infrastructure development. The utilization aspect can explore applications in sectors, such as industry, transportation, urban infrastructure, and residential areas, emphasizing the role of hydrogen in reducing carbon footprints and enhancing energy security. Safety protocols are expected to be part of all aspects of the topics covered.

Additionally, papers addressing the policy, economic, and social implications of hydrogen energy systems, as well as their integration with existing energy infrastructures, are welcome. This includes discussions on regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, public perception, risk assessment, safety mitigation measures, and the potential for global collaboration in advancing hydrogen technologies.

We are looking forward to your contributions to this Special Issue, which will collectively enhance our understanding and capability to utilize the full potential of hydrogen as a cornerstone of the clean energy landscape of the future.

Dr. Volodymyr Shentsov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • education
  • hydrogen safety
  • engineering
  • hydrogen technology
  • physics
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • ANSYS

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2461 KiB  
Article
Net-Zero Backup Solutions for Green Ammonia Hubs Based on Hydrogen Power Generation
by Markus Strömich-Jenewein, Abdessamad Saidi, Andrea Pivatello and Stefano Mazzoni
Energies 2025, 18(13), 3364; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133364 - 26 Jun 2025
Abstract
This paper explores cleaner and techno-economically viable solutions to provide electricity, heat, and cooling using green hydrogen (H2) and green ammonia (NH3) across the entire decarbonized value chain. We propose integrating a 100% hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine (e.g., Jenbacher [...] Read more.
This paper explores cleaner and techno-economically viable solutions to provide electricity, heat, and cooling using green hydrogen (H2) and green ammonia (NH3) across the entire decarbonized value chain. We propose integrating a 100% hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine (e.g., Jenbacher JMS 420) as a stationary backup solution and comparing its performance with other backup technologies. While electrochemical storage systems, or battery energy storage systems (BESSs), offer fast and reliable short-term energy buffering, they lack flexibility in relocation and typically involve higher costs for extended backup durations. Through five case studies, we highlight that renewable-based energy supply requires additional capacity to bridge longer periods of undersupply. Our results indicate that, for cost reasons, battery–electric solutions alone are not economically feasible for long-term backup. Instead, a more effective system combines both battery and hydrogen storage, where batteries address daily fluctuations and hydrogen engines handle seasonal surpluses. Despite lower overall efficiency, gas engines offer favorable investment and operating costs in backup applications with low annual operating hours. Furthermore, the inherent fuel flexibility of combustion engines eventually will allow green ammonia-based backup systems, particularly as advancements in small-scale thermal cracking become commercially available. Future studies will address CO2 credit recognition, carbon taxes, and regulatory constraints in developing more effective dispatch and master-planning solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future)
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26 pages, 832 KiB  
Article
Prioritization of the Critical Factors of Hydrogen Transportation in Canada Using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP Method
by Monasib Romel and Golam Kabir
Energies 2025, 18(13), 3318; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133318 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 31
Abstract
Hydrogen is a potential source of imminent clean energy in the future, with its transportation playing a crucial role in allowing large-scale deployment. The challenge lies in selecting an effective, sustainable, and scalable transportation alternative. This study develops a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework [...] Read more.
Hydrogen is a potential source of imminent clean energy in the future, with its transportation playing a crucial role in allowing large-scale deployment. The challenge lies in selecting an effective, sustainable, and scalable transportation alternative. This study develops a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework based on the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP) to evaluate land-based hydrogen transportation alternatives across Canada. The framework includes uncertainty and decision-maker hesitation through the application of triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). Seven factors, their subsequent thirty-three subfactors, and three alternatives to hydrogen transportation were identified through a literature review. Pairwise comparison was aggregated among factors, subfactors, and alternatives from three decision makers using an intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average, and priority weights were computed using entropy-based weight. The results show that safety and economic efficiency emerged as the most influential factors in the evaluation of hydrogen transportation alternatives, followed by environmental impact, security, and social impact and public health in ascending order. Among the alternatives, tube truck transport obtained the highest overall weight (0.3551), followed by pipelines (0.3272) and rail lines (0.3251). The findings suggest that the tube ruck is currently the most feasible transport option for land-based hydrogen distribution that aims to provide a transition of Canada’s energy mix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future)
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23 pages, 5386 KiB  
Article
Research Trends in Underground Hydrogen Storage: A Bibliometric Approach
by Barbara Uliasz-Misiak, Jacek Misiak and Radosław Tarkowski
Energies 2025, 18(7), 1845; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071845 - 5 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 706
Abstract
This article presents the findings of a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in journals and materials indexed in the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, covering the broad topic of underground hydrogen storage (UHS). The use of VOSviewer software for keyword analysis enabled [...] Read more.
This article presents the findings of a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in journals and materials indexed in the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, covering the broad topic of underground hydrogen storage (UHS). The use of VOSviewer software for keyword analysis enabled the identification of four key research areas related to UHS. These areas include hydrogen and hydrocarbon reservoir engineering; hydrogen economy and energy transformation; processes in hydrogen storage sites, including lessons from CO2 sequestration; and the geology, engineering, and geomechanics of underground gas storage. The interdisciplinary nature of UHS research emphasises the synergy of research across diverse fields. A bibliographic analysis allowed for the identification of areas of intensive research and new directions of work related to UHS, key research centres, and the dynamics of the development of research topics related to UHS. This study revealed the chronological dispersion of the research results, their geographical and institutional variability, and the varying contributions of major publishing journals. The research methodology used can serve as an inspiration for the work of other researchers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future)
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20 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Public Acceptance of the Underground Storage of Hydrogen: Lessons Learned from the Geological Storage of CO2
by Radosław Tarkowski and Barbara Uliasz-Misiak
Energies 2025, 18(6), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061335 - 8 Mar 2025
Viewed by 859
Abstract
The successful commercialisation of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is contingent upon technological readiness and social acceptance. A lack of social acceptance, inadequate policies/regulations, an unreliable business case, and environmental uncertainty have the potential to delay or prevent UHS commercialisation, even in cases where [...] Read more.
The successful commercialisation of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is contingent upon technological readiness and social acceptance. A lack of social acceptance, inadequate policies/regulations, an unreliable business case, and environmental uncertainty have the potential to delay or prevent UHS commercialisation, even in cases where it is ready. The technologies utilised for underground hydrogen and carbon dioxide storage are analogous. The differences lie in the types of gases stored and the purpose of their storage. It is anticipated that the challenges related to public acceptance will be analogous in both cases. An assessment was made of the possibility of transferring experiences related to the social acceptance of CO2 sequestration to UHS based on an analysis of relevant articles from indexed journals. The analysis enabled the identification of elements that can be used and incorporated into the social acceptance of UHS. A framework was identified that supports the assessment and implementation of factors determining social acceptance, ranging from conception to demonstration to implementation. These factors include education, communication, stakeholder involvement, risk assessment, policy and regulation, public trust, benefits, research and demonstration programmes, and social embedding. Implementing these measures has the potential to increase acceptance and facilitate faster implementation of this technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future)
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20 pages, 5507 KiB  
Article
Features of Hydrogen-Enriched Methane–Air Flames Propagating in Hele-Shaw Channels
by Sergey Yakush, Sergey Rashkovskiy, Maxim Alexeev and Oleg Semenov
Energies 2025, 18(2), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020335 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1132
Abstract
Mixtures of hydrogen with common hydrocarbon fuels are considered viable for reducing carbon footprint in modern industry, power production, and transportation. The addition of hydrogen alters the kinetics and thermophysical properties of the mixtures, as well as the composition and properties of combustion [...] Read more.
Mixtures of hydrogen with common hydrocarbon fuels are considered viable for reducing carbon footprint in modern industry, power production, and transportation. The addition of hydrogen alters the kinetics and thermophysical properties of the mixtures, as well as the composition and properties of combustion products, requiring detailed research into the features of flame propagation in hydrogen-enriched hydrocarbon–air mixtures. Of particular interest are also the safety aspects of such fuels. In this paper, experimental results are presented on the premixed laminar flame propagation in channels formed by two closely spaced plates (Hele-Shaw cell), with the internal straight walls forming a diverging (diffuser) channel with the opening angles between 5 and 25 degrees. Methane–hydrogen–air mixtures with the hydrogen relative contents of 0%, 25%, and 50% and global equivalence ratio of unity were ignited by a spark near the closed narrow end of the channel. Experiments were performed with the gap width of 3.5 mm; video recordings were processed in order to determine the quantitative features of the flame front propagation (leading and trailing point coordinate, coordinates of the cusps, cell sizes and shapes). The main features of flame propagation (fast initial expansion, development of cellular flame, self-induced longitudinal oscillations) are obtained and compared to clarify the effect of hydrogen contents in the fuel and channel geometry (gap width, opening angle). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future)
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Review

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15 pages, 544 KiB  
Review
Assessment of Tunnel Explosion Mitigation Techniques for Fire Scenarios Involving Hydrogen Tank Rupture
by Volodymyr Shentsov, Luisa Giuliani, Wenqian Liu and Frank Markert
Energies 2025, 18(13), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133368 - 26 Jun 2025
Abstract
This paper presents a review of explosion mitigation techniques for road tunnels, with a focus on scenarios involving high-pressure hydrogen tank rupture under fire conditions. Both passive and active strategies are considered—including structural configurations (e.g., tunnel branching, vent openings, right-angle bends) and protective [...] Read more.
This paper presents a review of explosion mitigation techniques for road tunnels, with a focus on scenarios involving high-pressure hydrogen tank rupture under fire conditions. Both passive and active strategies are considered—including structural configurations (e.g., tunnel branching, vent openings, right-angle bends) and protective systems (e.g., drop-down perforated plates, high-performance fibre-reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) panels)—to reduce blast impact on tunnel occupants and structures. The review highlights that while measures such as blast walls or energy-absorbing barriers can significantly attenuate blast pressures, an integrated approach addressing both blast load reduction and structural resilience is essential. This paper outlines how coupled computational fluid dynamics–finite element method (CFD–FEM) simulations can evaluate these mitigation methods, and we discuss design considerations (e.g., optimising barrier placement and tunnel geometry) for enhanced safety. The findings provide guidance for designing safer hydrogen vehicle tunnels, and they identify gaps for future research, including the need for experimental validation of combined CFD–FEM models in hydrogen fire–explosion scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies on Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems of the Future)
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