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Energies
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Sustainable Transportation: Impact on Power Systems and Future Energy Markets
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Sustainable Transportation: Impact on Power Systems and Future Energy Markets

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F2: Distributed Energy System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 December 2026 | Viewed by 5727

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fernando Lopes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LNEG—Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Estrada Paço do Lumiar 22, P-1649038 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: electricity markets; renewable energy integration; artificial intelligence and intelligent agents; computational negotiation; language models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sriparna Roy Ghatak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Interests: distribution network; electric vehicle charging station; renewable energy integration; soft computing technique

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The energy world is being challenged by the so-called “three-D’s”—decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization.  Future power systems will be characterized by very large penetrations of renewables (towards 100%), supporting the operation of both central and local markets, as well as the existence of a wide range of distributed energy resources, such as intelligent micro-grids and aggregation services that are able to participate in the different market layers in a cost-effective way. Electric vehicles are expected to play a key role in future power systems. While the integration of small EV fleets typically has minimal effects on distribution grids, large-scale adoption presents significant challenges. These include potential issues with grid adequacy, operational security, and power quality. At the transmission and generation level, impacts may include erratic power flows, insufficient reserves, grid stress, and shifts in marginal generation units—ultimately influencing electricity market prices. To adress these challenges, one viable approach involves a synergistic integration of EVs into smart grids through demand-side management. This strategy enables controlled EV charging aligned with both grid constraints and user preferences, reducing the need for costly infrastructure upgrades. Additionally, it opens the door for EVs to offer new balancing and regulation services, supporting the evolution from centralized systems to decentralized, intelligent energy networks. EV owners could also benefit through appropriate compensation for their contributions to grid stability.

This Special Issue seeks to contribute to the agenda of “Sustainable Transportation: Impact on Power Systems and Future Energy Markets” by considering a multi-disciplinary approach. We therefore invite papers on innovative technical developments, reviews, models, analytical aspects, and case studies, as well as simulation-based and assessment papers, from the various disciplines related to the main activities of power systems, i.e., the generation, transport, distribution, and consumption of electrical energy.

Dr. Fernando Lopes
Dr. Sriparna Roy Ghatak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power generation
  • renewable generation and integration
  • power system economics
  • day-ahead, intra-day, and balancing markets
  • local flexibility markets
  • retail markets
  • grid operation and security
  • smart grid technology
  • distributed energy resources
  • aggregation services
  • electric vehicles
  • energy storage systems
  • energy prosumers
  • demand response
  • demand-side management
  • modern power systems
  • digitalization
  • decarbonization
  • decentralization
  • clean energy transition
  • electric vehicle
  • vehicle to grid

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 3086 KB  
Article
Energy and Emission Disutilities of Transport Modes Under Transport Innovation in the European Union
by Olga Orynycz, Jonas Matijošius, Helcio Raymundo, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Paweł Ruchała and Antoni Świć
Energies 2026, 19(5), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051346 - 6 Mar 2026
Viewed by 3095
Abstract
The transport sector is among the largest final energy consumers and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters in the European Union. Consequently, reducing energy-related externalities has become a central objective in the EU’s sustainability and decarbonisation policies. This study quantifies the disutility costs associated with [...] Read more.
The transport sector is among the largest final energy consumers and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters in the European Union. Consequently, reducing energy-related externalities has become a central objective in the EU’s sustainability and decarbonisation policies. This study quantifies the disutility costs associated with energy consumption and emissions across major passenger transport modes—cars, buses, and trains—using a harmonised dataset encompassing 28 EU countries. To do so, a comprehensive disutility cost framework is established, integrating time losses, monetary costs, infrastructure requirements, noise, local air pollutants, and GHG emissions, and combining correlation, regression, and clustering analyses. The results indicate that car transport incurs the highest transport disutility costs, primarily due to congestion-related energy inefficiencies and GHG emissions. In contrast, rail transport demonstrates the lowest cost, energy- and emission-related disutilities across most EU countries. Bus transport represents an intermediate solution, providing lower emission intensity compared to cars but exhibiting higher energy-related disutilities than rail systems. The findings highlight that a modal shift toward rail- and bus-based transport systems can substantially reduce transport-related energy demand, emissions, and income expenses with transport cost at the EU level. While transport innovations and digitalisation may improve system efficiency, their benefits are unevenly distributed, suggesting that energy-focused transport policies should be complemented by measures to ensure inclusive access to low-emission mobility solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation: Impact on Power Systems and Future Energy Markets)
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21 pages, 1322 KB  
Article
An Equilibrium Analysis of Time-Varying and Flat Electricity Rates
by Larry Hughes and Muhammad Hassan Sharif
Energies 2025, 18(24), 6424; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246424 - 8 Dec 2025
Viewed by 899
Abstract
Many electricity providers are offering their customers an array of tariff options intended to discourage electricity consumption at specific times of the day. The problem facing a customer is whether to switch from their existing tariff to a new tariff. The aim of [...] Read more.
Many electricity providers are offering their customers an array of tariff options intended to discourage electricity consumption at specific times of the day. The problem facing a customer is whether to switch from their existing tariff to a new tariff. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to develop two analytical methods that help residential customers evaluate when switching from a flat-rate tariff to time-varying pricing options, specifically the Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff and an event-based tariff, becomes economically beneficial, and second, to review customers’ experiences with the tariffs. The methods identify the specific consumption distributions at which the TOU or event-based tariffs are in energy- and cost-equilibrium with the domestic service tariff for residential customers. For the TOU structure, the analysis shows that customers must maintain a non-winter-to-winter-peak consumption ratio exceeding 3.0756 for cost neutrality, a condition rarely met by households with winter-dominant loads. In contrast, event-based structures require only minimal behavioral adjustments to achieve savings, with as little as 1.75% of annual consumption needing to be avoided during event periods to match domestic-service costs. Additional savings are observed with partial or full load shifting away from peak events. The findings highlight that while TOU may benefit households with high summer usage, event-based tariffs present a more practical and economically favorable option for residential customers living in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The paper concludes with implications for tariff selection and consumer behavior. This research will be of value to anyone considering designing a time-varying rate or having to choose between an existing flat-rate tariff and a time-varying tariff. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation: Impact on Power Systems and Future Energy Markets)
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34 pages, 10051 KB  
Article
Optimized Planning Framework for Radial Distribution Network Considering AC and DC EV Chargers, Uncertain Solar PVDG, and DSTATCOM Using HHO
by Ramesh Bonela, Sasmita Tripathy, Sriparna Roy Ghatak, Sarat Chandra Swain, Fernando Lopes and Parimal Acharjee
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5728; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215728 - 30 Oct 2025
Viewed by 637
Abstract
This study aims to provide an efficient framework for the coordinated integration of AC and DC chargers, intermittent solar Photovoltaic (PV) Distributed Generation (DG) units, and a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) across residential, commercial, and industrial zones of a Radial Distribution Network (RDN) [...] Read more.
This study aims to provide an efficient framework for the coordinated integration of AC and DC chargers, intermittent solar Photovoltaic (PV) Distributed Generation (DG) units, and a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) across residential, commercial, and industrial zones of a Radial Distribution Network (RDN) considering the benefits of various stakeholders: Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station owners, EV owners, and distribution network operators. The model uses a multi-zone planning method and healthy-bus strategy to allocate Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs), Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (PVDG) units, and DSTATCOMs. The proposed framework optimally determines the numbers of EVCSs, PVDG units, and DSTATCOMs using Harris Hawk Optimization, considering the maximization of techno-economic benefits while satisfying all the security constraints. Further, to showcase the benefits from the perspective of EV owners, an EV waiting-time evaluation is performed. The simulation results show that integrating EVCSs (with both AC and DC chargers) with solar PVDG units and DSTATCOMs in the existing RDN improves the voltage profile, reduces power losses, and enhances cost-effectiveness compared to the system with only EVCSs. Furthermore, the zonal division ensures that charging infrastructure is distributed across the network increasing accessibility to the EV users. It is also observed that combining AC and DC chargers across the network provides overall benefits in terms of voltage profile, line loss, and waiting time as compared to a system with only AC or DC chargers. The proposed framework improves EV owners’ access and reduces waiting time, while supporting distribution network operators through enhanced grid stability and efficient integration of EV loads, PV generation, and DSTATCOM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation: Impact on Power Systems and Future Energy Markets)
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