Meeting Challenges in IoT: Sensing, Energy Efficiency, and the Implementation

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 14955

Special Issue Editors


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Department for Information and Communication Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Naval Architecture (FESB), University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: information systems development; localization and RFID technology; communication protocols in RFID; RFID application; energy harvesting; software-defined radio development
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, 21000 Split, Hrvatska, Croatia
Interests: cryptography; network security; wireless security; wireless sensor networks; computer forensics

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Computer Communications and Networks, Department of Informatics, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: computer networks; computer communications
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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: portable sensors; electronics for sensors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Internet of Things has become very popular in recent years with great potential applications in everyday life. The fundamental feature of many IoT systems represents a network of interconnected smart objects that automatize and improve tasks and processes, creating a better world for human beings. The applications for IoT service scenarios are diverse and challenging. These range from smart energy, transportation, health systems, smart homes, etc. to big data, which gave rise to machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence systems. Integrating all these applications is essential to make everything smart. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to the following:

  • Smart city theory, modeling, and simulation
  • Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and smart cities
  • Internet of Things for smart cities
  • Communications and networking for smart cities
  • Smart technologies, systems, and infrastructures for smart cities
  • Ubiquitous sensing and urban analytics
  • Big data analytics for smart cities
  • Cloud computing for smart cities
  • Cybersecurity and privacy for smart cities
  • Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) improving mobility, safety, and environmental protection
  • Smart energy/grid
  • Smart building
  • Smart living
  • Smart healthcare and emergency management
  • Smart environment and policy development
  • Smart manufacturing and logistics
  • Citizen engagement and smart governance
  • Distributed optimization and control for interdependent infrastructure networks
  • Modeling the social impact of smart technologies

Dr. Petar Šolić
Dr. Toni Perković
Dr. Solange Rito Lima
Dr. Alfiero Leoni
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1553 KiB  
Article
TheraProx: Capacitive Proximity Sensing
by Duje Čoko, Ivo Stančić, Lea Dujić Rodić and Dora Čošić
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030393 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4378
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a novel contactless omnidirectional capacitive proximity sensor. The presented device has been designed to be energy-efficient (≈5 mW power consumption) by means of duty-cycling the power supply. A comprehensive methodological experiment has been carried out to extensively [...] Read more.
This paper presents the development of a novel contactless omnidirectional capacitive proximity sensor. The presented device has been designed to be energy-efficient (≈5 mW power consumption) by means of duty-cycling the power supply. A comprehensive methodological experiment has been carried out to extensively evaluate the performance within the sensing range (5–10 cm). A simple boot-up self-adjustment mechanism has been implemented using a digital potentiometer. This feature allows for an effortless utilization of the proposed device in a wide variety of potential applications, including mobile robotics and human–machine interaction. Full article
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29 pages, 12688 KiB  
Article
Location Based Indoor and Outdoor Lightweight Activity Recognition System
by Aritz Bilbao-Jayo, Xabier Cantero, Aitor Almeida, Luca Fasano, Teodoro Montanaro, Ilaria Sergi and Luigi Patrono
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030360 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2448
Abstract
In intelligent environments one of the most relevant information that can be gathered about users is their location. Their position can be easily captured without the need for a large infrastructure through devices such as smartphones or smartwatches that we easily carry around [...] Read more.
In intelligent environments one of the most relevant information that can be gathered about users is their location. Their position can be easily captured without the need for a large infrastructure through devices such as smartphones or smartwatches that we easily carry around in our daily life, providing new opportunities and services in the field of pervasive computing and sensing. Location data can be very useful to infer additional information in some cases such as elderly or sick care, where inferring additional information such as the activities or types of activities they perform can provide daily indicators about their behavior and habits. To do so, we present a system able to infer user activities in indoor and outdoor environments using Global Positioning System (GPS) data together with open data sources such as OpenStreetMaps (OSM) to analyse the user’s daily activities, requiring a minimal infrastructure. Full article
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22 pages, 1146 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost Implementation of Reactive Jammer on LoRaWAN Network
by Toni Perković, Hrvoje Rudeš, Slaven Damjanović and Antun Nakić
Electronics 2021, 10(7), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070864 - 05 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4645
Abstract
The Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWA) has already started to gain a notorious adoption in the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape due to its enormous potential. It is already employed in a wide variety of scenarios involving parking lot occupancy, package delivery, smart irrigation, [...] Read more.
The Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWA) has already started to gain a notorious adoption in the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape due to its enormous potential. It is already employed in a wide variety of scenarios involving parking lot occupancy, package delivery, smart irrigation, smart lightning, fire detection, etc. If messages from LPWA devices can be manipulated or blocked, this will violate the integrity of the collected information and lead to unobserved events (e.g., fire, leakage). This paper explores the possibility that violates message integrity by applying a reactive jamming technique that disrupts a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network. As shown in this paper, using low-cost commodity hardware based on Arduino platform, an attacker can easily mount such an attack that would result in completely shutting down the entire LoRaWAN network with high probability. Several countermeasures are introduced to reduce the possibility of jamming attacks. Full article
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28 pages, 1262 KiB  
Article
Sensing Occupancy through Software: Smart Parking Proof of Concept
by Lea Dujić Rodić, Toni Perković, Tomislav Županović and Petar Šolić
Electronics 2020, 9(12), 2207; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122207 - 21 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2590
Abstract
In order to detect the vehicle presence in parking slots, different approaches have been utilized, which range from image recognition to sensing via detection nodes. The last one is usually based on getting the presence data from one or more sensors (commonly magnetic [...] Read more.
In order to detect the vehicle presence in parking slots, different approaches have been utilized, which range from image recognition to sensing via detection nodes. The last one is usually based on getting the presence data from one or more sensors (commonly magnetic or IR-based), controlled and processed by a micro-controller that sends the data through radio interface. Consequently, given nodes have multiple components, adequate software is required for its control and state-machine to communicate its status to the receiver. This paper presents an alternative, cost-effective beacon-based mechanism for sensing the vehicle presence. It is based on the well-known effect that, once the metallic obstacle (i.e., vehicle) is on top of the sensing node, the signal strength will be attenuated, while the same shall be recognized at the receiver side. Therefore, the signal strength change conveys the information regarding the presence. Algorithms processing signal strength change at the receiver side to estimate the presence are required due to the stochastic nature of signal strength parameters. In order to prove the concept, experimental setup based on LoRa-based parking sensors was used to gather occupancy/signal strength data. In order to extract the information of presence, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was employed with accuracy of up to 96%, while the Neural Network (NN) approach reaches an accuracy of up to 97%. The given approach reduces the costs of the sensor production by at least 50%. Full article
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