Paradigm Shift in the Field of Spinal Diagnosis and Treatment in 2025

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 1328

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
2. Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
Interests: navigation; spine; cervical; scoliosis; adult spinal deformity; endoscopic surgery; MIS
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, new spinal imaging technology and innovative spinal surgery has been emerging. For the imaging technology, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DSC) MR perfusion imaging can differentiate hyper- from hypovascular spinal tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are MRI techniques based on measuring the microscopic diffusion of water in living tissues, which is available for spinal intramedullary tumors. Furthermore, 3D-MRI/CT fusion imaging can demonstrate the lumbar nerve root being compromised.

These imaging technologies, spinal navigation, and robot-assisted surgery together provide spine surgeons with innovative options for spinal surgery. The advantages of applying robotic technology in spine surgery include the possibility of improving screw accuracy and reducing complications. Spinal navigation surgery has been developing for twenty years. Because of the increase in the aging population around the world, minimally invasive surgery (MIS), such as the endoscopic technique, has been in a rapid phase of development since the turn of the 21st century.

With these technological developments, this Special Issue welcomes original research and review articles.

Specific topics of interest include investigations of the human spine that demonstrate the following:

  • Advances in image acquisition, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, and 3D-MRI/CT fusion imaging.
  • Novel spinal surgery, which includes new technology or imaging techniques, as well as navigation, robot-assisted surgery, and endoscopic surgery.

Dr. Masato Tanaka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence
  • mixed reality
  • navigation
  • emerging technologies (robot-assisted surgery)
  • functional MRI
  • fusion images
  • new innovative diagnostic tools
  • scoliosis
  • adult spinal surgery
  • spinal tumor
  • spondylodiscitis
  • minimally invasive surgery (MIS)
  • aging spine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 1389 KiB  
Article
Predicting Surgical Site Infections in Spine Surgery: Association of Postoperative Lymphocyte Reduction
by Akiyoshi Miyamoto, Masato Tanaka, Angel Oscar Paz Flores, Dongwoo Yu, Mukul Jain, Christan Heng, Tadashi Komatsubara, Shinya Arataki, Yoshiaki Oda, Kensuke Shinohara and Koji Uotani
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2715; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232715 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1011
Abstract
Objective: Postoperative lymphopenia is reported as an excellent indicator to predict surgical-site infection (SSI) after spine surgery. However, there is still controversy concerning which serological markers can predict spinal SSI. This study aims to evaluate excellent and early indicators for detecting SSI, focusing [...] Read more.
Objective: Postoperative lymphopenia is reported as an excellent indicator to predict surgical-site infection (SSI) after spine surgery. However, there is still controversy concerning which serological markers can predict spinal SSI. This study aims to evaluate excellent and early indicators for detecting SSI, focusing on spine instrumented surgery. Materials and Methods: This study included 268 patients who underwent spinal instrumented surgery from January 2022 to December 2023 (159 female and 109 male, average 62.9 years). The SSI group included 20 patients, and the non-SSI group comprised 248 patients. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and glycemic levels were measured in both groups. The complete blood cell counts, differential counts, albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured pre-surgery and postoperative on Days 1, 3, and 7. In comparing the groups, the Mann–Whitney U test analysis was used for continuous variables, while the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used for dichotomous variables. Results: The incidence of SSI after spinal instrumentation was 7.46% and was relatively higher in scoliosis surgery. The SSI group had significantly longer surgical times (248 min vs. 180 min, p = 0.0004) and a higher intraoperative blood loss (772 mL vs. 372 mL, p < 0.0001) than the non-SSI group. In the SSI group, the Day 3 (10.5 ± 6.2% vs. 13.8 ± 6.0%, p = 0.012) and Day 7 (14.4 ± 4.8% vs. 18.8 ± 7.1%, p = 0.012) lymphocyte ratios were lower than the non-SSI group. Albumin levels on Day 1 in the SSI group were lower than in the non-SSI group (2.94 ± 0.30 mg/dL vs. 3.09 ± 0.38 mg/dL, p = 0.045). There is no difference in CRP and lymphocyte count between the two groups. Conclusions: SSI patients had lower lymphocyte percentages than non-SSI patients, which was a risk factor for SSI, with constant high inflammation. The Day 3 lymphocyte percentage may predict SSI after spinal instrumented surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paradigm Shift in the Field of Spinal Diagnosis and Treatment in 2025)
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