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Diagnostics
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Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in the Clinical Laboratory
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Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in the Clinical Laboratory

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 3759

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Interests: lipids; analytical chemistry; liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; biomarker analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue focuses on the application of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques in clinical laboratory settings, exploring the advancements, challenges, and practical implications of utilizing LC-MS for clinical diagnostics and biomarker discovery. We hope authors can contribute insights into method development, validation, and the integration of LC-MS technologies into routine laboratory workflows. The scope of this Special Issue encompasses the use of LC-MS in precision medicine, and the enhancement of analytical techniques in the clinical laboratory. We welcome submissions on diverse topics and not limited to method development and applications for clinical samples.

Dr. Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • LC-MS
  • clinical diagnostics
  • biomarker discovery
  • metabolomics
  • lipidomics
  • clinical samples
  • method validation
  • precision medicine
  • analytical techniques

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 348 KiB  
Article
Serum P-Cresyl Sulfate Levels Correlate with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Hypertensive Patients
by Yahn-Bor Chern, Jen-Pi Tsai, Bang-Gee Hsu, Chin-Hung Liu and Ji-Hung Wang
Diagnostics 2025, 15(9), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091097 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 88
Abstract
Background/Objectives: p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) is implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Hypertension is a major risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is linked to increased mortality in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the association [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) is implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Hypertension is a major risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is linked to increased mortality in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum PCS levels and PAD in hypertension cases. Methods: We analyzed fasting blood samples and clinical data from 105 patients with hypertension in a cardiovascular outpatient clinic. Serum PCS levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Ankle–brachial index (ABI) was measured using an automated oscillometric device; ABI < 0.9 indicated PAD. Results: A total of 24 patients (22.9%) had PAD. The PAD group had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.026), elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p < 0.001) and increased PCS levels (p = 0.002) than the normal ABI group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that PCS (odds ratio [OR]: 1.154, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.013–1.315, p = 0.031) and CRP (per 0.1 mg/dL increase, OR: 1.649, 95% CI: 1.138–2.389, p = 0.008) were independently associated with PAD. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, log-transformed PCS (log-PCS) levels negatively correlated with left or right ABI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.001) but positively correlated with log-CRP (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Elevated serum PCS and CRP levels are significantly associated with PAD in patients with hypertension, suggesting the potential role of PCS in PAD pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in the Clinical Laboratory)
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12 pages, 1939 KiB  
Article
Application of Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Analysis of Plasmalogens in Preadolescent Children—The Hokkaido Study
by Yifan Chen, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Lipsa Rani Nath, Atusko Ikeda, Yu Ait Bamai, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Reiko Kishi, Hitoshi Chiba and Shu-Ping Hui
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060743 - 16 Mar 2025
Viewed by 491
Abstract
Background: Plasmalogens (Pls) are phospholipids with a unique structure, abundant in the brain and heart. Due to their chemical instability and analytical difficulties, less information is available compared to other phospholipids. The importance of Pls in several cellular processes is known, one [...] Read more.
Background: Plasmalogens (Pls) are phospholipids with a unique structure, abundant in the brain and heart. Due to their chemical instability and analytical difficulties, less information is available compared to other phospholipids. The importance of Pls in several cellular processes is known, one of which is their protective effect against oxidative damage. The physiological role of Pls in human development has not been elucidated. Despite their clinical importance, the quantitative analysis of Pls in children’s plasma has been limited. Methods: This study aims to determine the plasma levels of Pls in prepubertal children using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The plasma samples used were obtained from 9- to 12-year-old girls (n = 156) and boys (n = 178), n = 334 in total, who participated in the Hokkaido study. Results: Ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) and choline plasmalogen (PlsCho), both carrying eicosapentaenoic acid, were significantly lower in girls than in boys. In both sexes, the plasmalogen levels for the 12-year-old children were lower than those for the 9-year-old children. PlsCho (16:0/18:2) was lower in the overweight children than in the normal-weight children for both sexes. PlsEtn (18:0/20:4) was the most abundant ethanolamine-type plasmalogen in both sexes. Conclusions: This study is the first report on plasmalogen levels and molecular types in children’s plasma. This study provides the information needed to understand the role of Pls in human developmental processes and may open up new opportunities in the future to control age-related changes in Pls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in the Clinical Laboratory)
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18 pages, 2648 KiB  
Article
Assays for Monitoring Apixaban and Rivaroxaban in Emergency Settings, State-of-the-Art Routine Analysis, and Volumetric Absorptive Microsamples Deliver Discordant Results
by Adrienne Fehér, István Vincze, James Rudge, Gyula Domján, Barna Vásárhelyi and Gellért Balázs Karvaly
Diagnostics 2024, 14(17), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171939 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1098
Abstract
Our aim was to compare the performance of complementary clinical laboratory approaches to monitoring exposure to apixaban and rivaroxaban, the most prescribed direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC’s): an automated commercial anti-Xa chromogenic assay suitable for emergency and pre-surgery testing and a laboratory-developed liquid chromatography-tandem [...] Read more.
Our aim was to compare the performance of complementary clinical laboratory approaches to monitoring exposure to apixaban and rivaroxaban, the most prescribed direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC’s): an automated commercial anti-Xa chromogenic assay suitable for emergency and pre-surgery testing and a laboratory-developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method employed for non-emergency analysis in plasma and in dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples (VAMS) collectible by the patients in their homes. The full validation of the LC-MS/MS method was performed. Cross-validation of the methodologies was accomplished by processing 60 specimens collected for whole blood count and DOAC monitoring in a central clinical laboratory. For VAMS samples, dried plasma and whole blood calibrators were found to be suitable, and a cycle run for seven days could be implemented for rational and economic sample processing. The anti-Xa chromogrenic assay and the LC-MS/MS method delivered discordant plasma analyte concentrations. Moreover, the lack of agreement between plasma and VAMS concentrations was observed. Clinical laboratories must be aware of the differences between the performance of apixaban and rivaroxaban LC-MS/MS and anti-Xa assays. Hematocrit must always be measured along with VAMS samples to obtain accurate results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in the Clinical Laboratory)
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12 pages, 1282 KiB  
Article
Lipidomic Signature of Plasma and Synovial Fluid in Patients with Osteoarthritis: Putative Biomarkers Determined by UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+MS
by Stefan Iulian Stanciugelu, Jenel Marian Patrascu, Jenel Marian Patrascu, Jr., Carmen Socaciu, Andreea Iulia Socaciu, Diana Nitusca and Catalin Marian
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161834 - 22 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1153
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint condition causing pain and disability, especially in the elderly. Currently, OA diagnosis relies on clinical data and imaging, but recent interest in metabolomics suggests that early biochemical changes in biofluids, particularly synovial fluid (SF), could enable [...] Read more.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint condition causing pain and disability, especially in the elderly. Currently, OA diagnosis relies on clinical data and imaging, but recent interest in metabolomics suggests that early biochemical changes in biofluids, particularly synovial fluid (SF), could enable an earlier diagnosis and understanding of the disease. Methods: In this regard, we conducted a lipidomics study in 33 plasma and SF samples from OA patients and 20 OA-free controls to assess the diagnostic value of various lipid metabolites, using UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+MS. Results: In plasma samples, 25 metabolites had area-under-the-curve (AUC) values higher than 0.9, suggesting a very good diagnostic potential for phosphatidic acid PA (16:0/16:0), PA (34:0), phosphatidylethanolamine PE (34:2), glucosylceramide, phosphatidylcholine PC (32:1), and other metabolites while in SF 20, metabolites had AUC values higher than 0.8, the vast majority belonging to lipid metabolism as well. Conclusions: Although the results align with the previous literature, larger cohort studies are necessary to confirm the diagnostic value of the lipid metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in the Clinical Laboratory)
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