Clinical Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers, Third Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 920

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
Interests: cardiovascular disease; heart failure; diabetes; biomarkers; public health; prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
Interests: laboratory medicine; precision medicine; risk prediction; clinical biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomarkers are measures of biological variables, which can be detected in organ tissues, blood, or other body fluids. They can be divided mainly into two main types: prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Prognostic biomarkers are associated with the clinical outcomes (e.g., disease progression, recurrence, and death) of the disease of interest, and are used to identify those with more aggressive disease status. Predictive biomarkers are used to identify individuals with a higher likelihood of response to a particular treatment, which allows for better identification of those who are more likely to benefit from a given treatment. Generally, biomarkers can be either prognostic or predictive, while in some cases they could be used for both prognostic and predictive purposes.

With the significant advances made in proteomics, metabolomics, functional genomics, and bioinformatics, more and more novel biomarkers are being discovered. They play an important role in identifying high-risk individuals, diagnosing disease conditions, and predicting response to therapy and prognosis in multiple fields of clinical medicine, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Furthermore, they allow us to better understand the mechanisms and molecular pathways of disease development and progression. This deeper knowledge of biomarkers offers the opportunity to develop novel precision and personalized therapies.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide a platform for communication on the progress of biomarker identification and utilization in healthcare. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, acute and chronic venous disease, and cancer.

Prof. Dr. Yuli Huang
Prof. Dr. Peisong Chen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • prognostic
  • predictive
  • risk stratification
  • cardiovascular disease
  • diabetes
  • cancer
  • hypertension
  • heart failure

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

30 pages, 1403 KB  
Review
Role of Interleukins in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
by Roha Asif, Ammara Khalid, Tolga Mercantepe, Aleksandra Klisic, Sana Rafaqat, Saira Rafaqat and Filiz Mercantepe
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1906; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151906 - 30 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background: Despite distinct etiologies, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share chronic inflammation as a core feature. Interleukins, key immune mediators, play important yet still not fully understood roles in the development and complications of both conditions. Objective: [...] Read more.
Background: Despite distinct etiologies, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share chronic inflammation as a core feature. Interleukins, key immune mediators, play important yet still not fully understood roles in the development and complications of both conditions. Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical synthesis of current evidence on the role of key interleukins in T1D and T2D, highlighting their immunological functions, genetic associations, clinical correlations, and translational potential. Methods: A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect up to January 2025, focusing on English-language clinical and experimental studies involving interleukins and their relevance to T1D and T2D. Reference lists were manually screened for additional sources. Interleukins (ILs) were reviewed individually to assess their immunobiology, disease specificity, and biomarker or therapeutic value. Findings: Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 contribute to islet inflammation, insulin resistance, and microvascular damage in both T1D and T2D. Anti-inflammatory mediators including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 exhibit protective effects but vary in expression across disease stages. Less-characterized interleukins such as IL-3, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-27 demonstrate dual or context-dependent roles, particularly in shaping immune tolerance and tissue-specific complications such as nephropathy and neuropathy. Polymorphisms in IL-10 and IL-6 genes further suggest genetic contributions to interleukin dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction. Despite promising insights, translational gaps persist due to overreliance on preclinical models and limited longitudinal clinical data. Conclusions: Interleukins represent a mechanistic bridge linking immune dysregulation to metabolic derangements in both T1D and T2D. While their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is increasingly recognized, future research must address current limitations through isoform-specific targeting, context-aware interventions, and validation in large-scale, human cohorts. A unified interleukin-based framework may ultimately advance personalized strategies for diabetes prevention and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers, Third Edition)
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