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Diagnostics
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An Update on Radiological Diagnosis in 2024
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An Update on Radiological Diagnosis in 2024

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 4693

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Federico Bruno

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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: neuroradiology; spine; focused ultrasound; tremor; neurodegenerative disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Raffaele Natella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
Interests: MRI; MSK Imaging; bone tumors; soft tiffue tumors; DTI; radiomics; cardiac CT; cardiac MRI; prostate MRI; MSK ultrasound
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicola Maria Lucarelli

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Guest Editor
Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: CT; vasculare imaging; oncologic imaging; interventional radiology; radiomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The radiological diagnosis landscape has undergone profound transformations, evolving significantly through technological advancements and the integration of artificial intelligence. These enhancements not only redefine diagnostic accuracy but also augment the radiologist's role in clinical decision-making as of 2024. This SI aims to provide a comprehensive update on the current state of radiological techniques, focusing on recent innovations in imaging technologies, the application of machine learning algorithms, and their implications for patient care. By examining cutting-edge developments in hardware and software and their synergistic interactions, we will explore how these advancements contribute to improved diagnostic precision and patient outcomes. Furthermore, this review discusses the ethical considerations and challenges that accompany the implementation of AI in radiology, highlighting the need for balanced integration of technology in healthcare practices. Through this analysis, we aim to elucidate the pivotal changes in radiological practices, emphasizing their impact on both medical professionals and the healthcare system at large.

Dr. Federico Bruno
Dr. Raffaele Natella
Dr. Nicola Maria Lucarelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiological diagnosis
  • radiological techniques
  • precision medicine
  • imaging
  • quantitative imaging
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

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12 pages, 5711 KiB  
Review
Multimodal Elastography of the Main Salivary Glands—A Narrative Review
by Delia Doris Donci, Lavinia Manuela Lenghel, Cristian Dinu, Sebastian Stoia, Maria Bădărînză, Rareș Mocan, Carolina Solomon and Anca Ciurea
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040411 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 552
Abstract
Elastography has emerged as a valuable imaging technique that evaluates tissue stiffness and offers complementary insights into conventional ultrasonography. The aim of this article is to review the utility of elastography in assessing salivary gland pathologies. The review categorizes findings by pathology and [...] Read more.
Elastography has emerged as a valuable imaging technique that evaluates tissue stiffness and offers complementary insights into conventional ultrasonography. The aim of this article is to review the utility of elastography in assessing salivary gland pathologies. The review categorizes findings by pathology and the physical principles underlying each elastographic modality. Key modalities discussed include strain elastography, shear wave elastography, and novel hybrid techniques, such as viscoelastography, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and clinical applications in salivary gland imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update on Radiological Diagnosis in 2024)
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22 pages, 12690 KiB  
Review
Patellar Non-Traumatic Pathologies: A Pictorial Review of Radiologic Findings
by Zahra Masroori, Sara Haseli, Elahe Abbaspour, Alireza Pouramini, Arash Azhideh, Marjan Fathi, Fatemeh Kafi and Majid Chalian
Diagnostics 2024, 14(24), 2828; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14242828 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2023
Abstract
Patellar pathologies are a common cause of knee dysfunction, with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) alone responsible for 25% of knee-related visits to sports medicine clinics. Non-traumatic conditions, while often overlooked, can also lead to significant discomfort and functional limitations, highlighting the importance of [...] Read more.
Patellar pathologies are a common cause of knee dysfunction, with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) alone responsible for 25% of knee-related visits to sports medicine clinics. Non-traumatic conditions, while often overlooked, can also lead to significant discomfort and functional limitations, highlighting the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis for effective management and prevention of complications. This pictorial review examines the radiologic characteristics of various non-traumatic patellar disorders, focusing on imaging modalities such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Key diagnostic markers, including patellar tilt, tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), and congruence angle (CA), are discussed for their significance in non-traumatic pathology identification. Furthermore, this review highlights specific radiologic features for a range of non-traumatic patellar conditions, including patellar tendinopathy, chondromalacia patellae, and trochlear dysplasia, emphasizing how distinct radiologic findings facilitate precise diagnosis and clinical assessment. Ultimately, it provides a practical guide for clinicians in diagnosing non-traumatic patellar pathologies through a comprehensive review of key radiologic features while also discussing advancements in imaging technologies and management strategies to support accurate diagnosis and effective clinical decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update on Radiological Diagnosis in 2024)
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Other

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8 pages, 1162 KiB  
Case Report
Umbilical Artery Thrombosis Masquerading as Single Umbilical Artery in a Stillbirth
by Yin Ping Wong, Rahana Abd Rahman, Ay Eeng Tan and Geok Chin Tan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010094 - 3 Jan 2025
Viewed by 721
Abstract
Background: Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) masquerading as a single umbilical artery (SUA) is a rare but critical diagnostic challenge in prenatal care. Case Presentation: We described a case of a 22-year-old primigravida with an uneventful obstetric history who presented with reduced fetal movements [...] Read more.
Background: Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) masquerading as a single umbilical artery (SUA) is a rare but critical diagnostic challenge in prenatal care. Case Presentation: We described a case of a 22-year-old primigravida with an uneventful obstetric history who presented with reduced fetal movements at 22 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound showed no gross fetal structural anomalies while umbilical artery Doppler flow imaging revealed an isolated SUA. The patient again presented with diminished fetal movement at 24 weeks gestation, and a diagnosis of intrauterine demise was confirmed ultrasonographically. She was then induced and delivered a macerated stillborn female fetus. Placental examination revealed three umbilical vessels with an occlusive thrombus seen within the umbilical artery consistent with UAT, a finding previously mistaken for SUA. Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties of UAT radiologically, especially when there was no prior documented evidence of two umbilical arteries. Identification of at-risk fetuses would allow for close monitoring or effective interventions to be implemented as early as possible to avert preventable fetal loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update on Radiological Diagnosis in 2024)
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12 pages, 1614 KiB  
Systematic Review
Diagnostic Value of Nuclear Hybrid Imaging in Malignant Struma Ovarii: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
by Claudiu Peștean and Doina Piciu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2630; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232630 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 768
Abstract
Background: Struma ovarii is a rare tumor, a type of ovarian mature teratoma consisting over 50% of its mass in thyroid ectopic tissue; 5% to 10% of cases, as described in the literature, are malignant and well known as malignant struma ovarii or [...] Read more.
Background: Struma ovarii is a rare tumor, a type of ovarian mature teratoma consisting over 50% of its mass in thyroid ectopic tissue; 5% to 10% of cases, as described in the literature, are malignant and well known as malignant struma ovarii or thyroid cancer from struma ovarii. Due to the limited number of malignant struma ovarii cases, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of malignant struma ovarii lacks in standardization. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on the English language PubMed and Google Scholar. We used specific controlled keywords “PET CT”, “SPECT CT”, “PET MRI”, “malignant struma ovarii”, “hybrid imaging” and “mature ovarian teratoma”. Upon the retrieval of potential articles, we analyzed them for their eligibility. The inclusion criteria were: articles discussing the role of PET/CT and SPECT/CT hybrid imaging in malignant struma ovarii, full-text articles on the topic of interest and English publications. The exclusion criteria were articles not directly related to the hybrid imaging and not discussing the subject of malignant struma ovarii. Results: A total of 64 articles were screened, 35 duplicates were eliminated, 15 articles excluded and a total number of 14 articles were included for this systematic review, 13 of them being case reports and one being a case report with a systematic review. F-18 FDG PET/CT contributed in seven cases (50%), I-131 NaI SPECT/CT in seven cases (50%) and I-124 NaI PET/CT in two cases (14.29%). In two cases, 131 NaI SPECT/CT and F-18 FDG PET/CT were used as complementary investigation tools. The hybrid imaging methods used as a part of the diagnostic strategy were accompanied by several diagnostic alternatives: ultrasounds, CT, MRI, I-131 NaI WBS and I-123 NaI WBS. Conclusions: There is no consistent or standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach for malignant struma ovarii. Hybrid imaging methods may be of great value in initial diagnostic and the association of F-18 FDG PET/CT and I-131 NaI SPECT/CT is a successful diagnostic approach. The association of hybrid imaging with other diagnostic imaging alternatives in initial diagnostic and follow up is essential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update on Radiological Diagnosis in 2024)
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