New Advances in Retinal Imaging

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 60

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: eye surgery; eye diseases; retina; vitreoretinal diseases; cataract, imaging in ophthalmology
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Guest Editor Assistant
1. Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2. Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Interests: eye surgery; retina; inherited retinal diseases; vitreoretinal diseases; imaging in ophthalmology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current advancements in the field of ophthalmology have opened a variety of possibilities of broadening our knowledge of the ultra-structural dimension of ophthalmic diseases. By doing so, progress and advancements in diagnosis have been achieved in the last few years, and knowledge in this field is always in progress. From early diagnosis to biomarker detection, today, retinal imaging has changed our ability to non-invasively assess ocular structures, giving interesting insights into ocular pathophysiology.

This Special Issue aims to investigate the range of applications of ophthalmic imaging in retinal diseases, exploring the latest advancements and future directions in this field. We are pleased to invite you to contribute original research articles, reviews, and other types of papers to the Special Issue “New Advances in Retinal Imaging”.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Mastropasqua
Guest Editor

Dr. Maria Ludovica Ruggeri
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retina
  • vitreoretinal diseases
  • inherited retinal dystrophies
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • age-related macular degeneration
  • retinal detachment
  • optical coherence tomography
  • imaging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 2353 KiB  
Article
Intergrader Agreement on Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Using Ultra-Widefield Imaging: INSPIRED Study Report 1
by Eleonora Riotto, Wei-Shan Tsai, Hagar Khalid, Francesca Lamanna, Louise Roch, Medha Manoj and Sobha Sivaprasad
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141831 (registering DOI) - 21 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Discrepancies in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading are well-documented, with retinal non-perfusion (RNP) quantification posing greater challenges. This study assessed intergrader agreement in DR evaluation, focusing on qualitative severity grading and quantitative RNP measurement. We aimed to improve agreement through structured consensus [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Discrepancies in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading are well-documented, with retinal non-perfusion (RNP) quantification posing greater challenges. This study assessed intergrader agreement in DR evaluation, focusing on qualitative severity grading and quantitative RNP measurement. We aimed to improve agreement through structured consensus meetings. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 100 comparisons from 50 eyes (36 patients) was conducted. Two paired medical retina fellows graded ultra-widefield color fundus photographs (CFP) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images. CFP assessments included DR severity using the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) grading system, DR Severity Scale (DRSS), and predominantly peripheral lesions (PPL). FFA-based RNP was defined as capillary loss with grayscale matching the foveal avascular zone. Weekly adjudication by a senior specialist resolved discrepancies. Intergrader agreement was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa (qualitative DRSS) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (quantitative RNP). Bland–Altman analysis assessed bias and variability. Results: After eight consensus meetings, CFP grading agreement improved to excellent: kappa = 91% (ICDR DR severity), 89% (DRSS), and 89% (PPL). FFA-based PPL agreement reached 100%. For RNP, the non-perfusion index (NPI) showed moderate overall ICC (0.49), with regional ICCs ranging from 0.40 to 0.57 (highest in the nasal region, ICC = 0.57). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean NPI difference of 0.12 (limits: −0.11 to 0.35), indicating acceptable variability despite outliers. Conclusions: Structured consensus training achieved excellent intergrader agreement for DR severity and PPL grading, supporting the clinical reliability of ultra-widefield imaging. However, RNP measurement variability underscores the need for standardized protocols and automated tools to enhance reproducibility. This process is critical for developing robust AI-based screening systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Retinal Imaging)
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