Advances in the Diagnosis of Aortic Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 1360

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Vascular Surgery Consultant, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon Health Services NHS Trust, London CR7 7YE, UK
Interests: aortic pathology; cardiovascular surgery; sciences of longevity; epigenetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Background

Aortic diseases, namely aortic aneurysms, acute aortic syndromes (penetrating aortic ulcer, aortic dissection, aortic pseudoaneurysm, contained ruptured aortic aneurysm, intramural aortic hematoma, and traumatic aortic injury), aortoiliac occlusive disease, inflammatory aortic diseases, and genetic acropathies have long been a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for patients and healthcare professionals.

Sadly, the diagnosis of these ailments is often made incidentally by tests performed for other reasons or in the final moments when the aorta has ruptured, dissected, or occluded. Because of this, health professionals have been investing heavily into finding an efficient, cost-effective, and standardized diagnostic approach to these pathologies.

As technology advances at a vertiginous pace, it sometimes feels that a healthcare singularity of sorts will take place, where all of our health issues will be managed in a personalized manner with AI-powered decision making and orally administered gene editing.

Indeed, there is a plethora of scientific literature describing potent AI algorithms that assist in the diagnosis of aortic conditions. Many promising biomarkers that reflect aortic suffering are also being described.

Relevance

Aortic pathologies account for 2–3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants globally.2 Expedited diagnosis and treatment are never easy tasks. The different features of each aortic disease, their high overall morbidity and mortality, the frequent difficulties in their initial diagnosis, and the absence of a definitive “aortic diagnostic test” still make these conditions a major hurdle to overcome for health services everywhere.

Objectives

In this Special Issue, we will try to summarize the current advances in aortic pathology diagnosis, specifically those relating to modern data processing technologies such as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) applied to radiological imaging, aortic tissue biochemical markers, and genetic and proteomic applications for aortic pathology screening, diagnosis, and surveillance.

Dr. James Henry Taylor
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aortic aneurysm
  • aortic dissection
  • acute aortic syndrome
  • aortic imaging
  • aortic biomarkers
  • machine learning (ML)
  • artificial intelligence (AI)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

35 pages, 14832 KiB  
Review
A Narrative Review of Biomarkers and Imaging in the Diagnosis of Acute Aortic Syndrome
by Ümit Arslan and Izatullah Jalalzai
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020183 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1020
Abstract
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) encompasses a range of life-threatening conditions, including classical dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer. Each of these conditions presents distinct clinical characteristics and carries the potential to progress to rupture. Because AAS can be asymptomatic or present with [...] Read more.
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) encompasses a range of life-threatening conditions, including classical dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer. Each of these conditions presents distinct clinical characteristics and carries the potential to progress to rupture. Because AAS can be asymptomatic or present with diverse symptoms, its diagnosis requires clinical evaluation, risk scoring, and biomarkers such as D-dimer (DD), C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, natriuretic peptides (BNP), and imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and echocardiography. While this review primarily focuses on widely used and clinically accessible biomarkers and imaging techniques, it also discusses alternative biomarkers proposed for diagnostic use. Although CT remains the gold standard for diagnosis, biomarkers facilitate rapid risk stratification, complementing imaging techniques. Emerging technologies, such as metabolomics, are reshaping diagnostic algorithms. Despite advances in diagnostic methods, challenges such as misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses persist. Ongoing research into novel biomarkers and innovative imaging techniques holds promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Aortic Disease)
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