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Diagnostics
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Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound
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Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 6686

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rosa Cordovilla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Complejo Hospitalario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Interests: lung cancer
Dr. Enrique Cases-Viedma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Interests: lung

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung ultrasound has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool in respiratory medicine, particularly in the evaluation of respiratory pathologies. This Special Issue compiles recent advancements in the field of lung ultrasound, providing a comprehensive overview of the latest research and clinical applications.

This Special Issue should focus on original research, clinical cases, or review articles related to lung ultrasound in respiratory medicine. Manuscripts may cover a range of topics, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Basic science research on the physiological basis of lung ultrasound;
  • Development and evaluation of lung ultrasound techniques for specific respiratory diseases;
  • Application of lung ultrasound in clinical practice and patient management;
  • Comparison of lung ultrasound with other diagnostic modalities;
  • Future directions and emerging technologies in lung ultrasound.

In conclusion, this Special Issue aims to provide a valuable resource for respiratory medicine professionals, fellows, and researchers interested in the latest advancements in lung ultrasound. The articles included in this Special Issue should cover a range of topics, from physiological basics to clinical applications, emphasizing the importance of lung ultrasound in modern respiratory medicine.

Dr. Rosa Cordovilla
Dr. Enrique Cases-Viedma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diagnosis
  • lung ultrasound
  • imaging
  • respiratory medicine
  • advances

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1697 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Respiratory Functional Assessment in Patients with ALS
by Miguel Iglesias, Juan Alejandro Cascón, Andrés Maimó, Antonio Albaladejo, Felipe Andreo, Ana Sánchez Fernández, María Maciá Palazón, Isabel Martínez González-Posada, Ruth García García and Rosa Cordovilla
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070884 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 429
Abstract
Background: Diaphragmatic ultrasound emerges as a valuable non-invasive method for assessing diaphragm functionality in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to evaluate diaphragmatic ultrasound parameters in ALS, compare them with respiratory function tests, and determine whether they are associated with [...] Read more.
Background: Diaphragmatic ultrasound emerges as a valuable non-invasive method for assessing diaphragm functionality in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to evaluate diaphragmatic ultrasound parameters in ALS, compare them with respiratory function tests, and determine whether they are associated with the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, and multicenter study across five centers, enrolling patients with recent diagnoses of ALS. At three-monthly visits, participants underwent both diaphragmatic ultrasound and pulmonary function testing. The following variables were analyzed: withdrawal from this study due to NIV or death, excursion, velocity, thickness, thickening fraction, and spirometric and respiratory muscle function values. Results: A total of 41 patients were included. A total of 24 (61.5%) patients left this study before the final year: 17 due to initiation of NIV, 4 due to clinical deterioration without NIV, and 3 due to death. Statistically significant moderate correlations were observed between diaphragmatic excursion and velocity and FVC and supine FVC (p < 0.001) and with MIP and the SNIP test (p < 0.05). No correlation was observed with thickening fraction. Additionally, lower baseline values in excursion were significantly associated with study withdrawal, along with reduced lung function (FVC, supine FVC, and MEP (p < 0.001). Conclusions: assessing diaphragmatic excursion by ultrasonography may serve as a useful tool for monitoring patients with ALS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound)
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Review

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16 pages, 692 KiB  
Review
Intraoperative Lung Ultrasound in the Detection of Pulmonary Nodules: A Valuable Tool in Thoracic Surgery
by Diana Yasin, Jalal Al Khateeb, Dina Sbeih and Firas Abu Akar
Diagnostics 2025, 15(9), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091074 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1605
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been an increased interest in the application of lung ultrasound (LUS), especially intraoperatively, owing to its safety and simple approach to detecting and assessing pulmonary nodules. This review focuses on recent advancements in intraoperative lung ultrasound [...] Read more.
In the last two decades, there has been an increased interest in the application of lung ultrasound (LUS), especially intraoperatively, owing to its safety and simple approach to detecting and assessing pulmonary nodules. This review focuses on recent advancements in intraoperative lung ultrasound in detecting lung nodules. A systematic search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords included “Lung ultrasound”, “intraoperative lung ultrasound”, and “video-assisted transthoracic surgery (VATS)”. Articles published between 1963 and 2024 in peer-reviewed journals were included, focusing on the ones from the 2000s. Data on methodology, key findings, and research gaps were reviewed. Results indicated a significant advantage of intraoperative lung ultrasound (ILU) in the assessment of pulmonary nodules. ILU offers a noninvasive, real-time imaging modality that demonstrates up to 100% accuracy in detecting pulmonary nodules, with shorter time needed compared to other modalities, as well as less intraoperative periods and postoperative complications. However, some disadvantages were detected, such as operator dependency and a lack of specificity and knowledge of specific signs, as well as assisted localization via percutaneous puncture and its correct interpretation. The findings suggest that ILU has a promising future in pulmonary surgeries such as LUS-VATS but needs to be engaged more in clinical applications and modified with new techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound)
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31 pages, 16621 KiB  
Review
Comments and Illustrations of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine Guidelines: Benign Pleura Lesions (Benign Pleura Thickening, Lesions and Masses)—What Can Be Seen on Transthoracic Ultrasound?
by Kathleen Möller, Tomas Maruskin, Michael Ludwig, Wolfgang Blank, Stephan Eisenmann, Christian Jenssen, Hajo Findeisen, Burkhard Möller and Christoph F. Dietrich
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020176 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 926
Abstract
Pleural thickening can be the result of inflammation or infection but can also have a neoplastic origin. Depending on the clinical context, a pleural lesion or mass is often initially suspected of malignancy. Benign pleural tumors are rare, and their appearance on ultrasound [...] Read more.
Pleural thickening can be the result of inflammation or infection but can also have a neoplastic origin. Depending on the clinical context, a pleural lesion or mass is often initially suspected of malignancy. Benign pleural tumors are rare, and their appearance on ultrasound (US) is also described less frequently than pleural metastases or malignancies. There are few descriptions of contrast-enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in particular. This review introduces the basics of transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) of the pleura and CEUS of the pleura and lung. CEUS is recommended for pulmonary applications in the EFSUMB guidelines in non-hepatic applications. This article provides an overview of the characteristics of benign pleural thickening, tumor-like lesions, and benign pleural tumors on transthoracic B-mode US with color Doppler imaging (CDI) and CEUS. In detail, characteristics in TUS and CEUS are described for infectious/inflammatory pleural thickening (empyema, tuberculous pleuritis, hemothorax, fibrothorax), pleural thickening in various systemic diseases, in tumor-like conditions (plaques, splenosis, endometriosis, mesothelial cysts, lymphangiomatosis) and benign tumors (lipoma, benign SFT, schwannoma, solitary extramedullary/extraosseous plasmacytoma). The descriptions are illustrated by corresponding US and CEUS images. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound)
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13 pages, 1939 KiB  
Review
The Role of Lung Ultrasound Scan in Different Heart Failure Scenarios: Current Applications and Lacks of Evidences
by Alessandro Campora, Matteo Beltrami, Anita Di Renzo, Alessia Petrini and Alberto Palazzuoli
Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010045 - 28 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1486
Abstract
Pulmonary congestion is a critical factor influencing the clinical presentation, therapeutic decisions, and outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) offers a simple, rapid, and accurate method for assessing pulmonary congestion, surpassing the diagnostic capabilities of traditional clinical evaluation and chest [...] Read more.
Pulmonary congestion is a critical factor influencing the clinical presentation, therapeutic decisions, and outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) offers a simple, rapid, and accurate method for assessing pulmonary congestion, surpassing the diagnostic capabilities of traditional clinical evaluation and chest radiography. Due to the wide availability of ultrasound equipment, congestion can be evaluated in multiple settings, ranging from emergency departments to intensive care units, including outpatient settings. A combined cardiopulmonary imaging approach, integrating LUS with other imaging modalities, enhances congestion assessment in both acute and chronic HF. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights for HF management and risk stratification. However, optimizing the utilization of LUS remains a challenge, as standardized imaging protocols and B-line thresholds may vary across different clinical scenarios and HF phenotypes. Despite the widespread use of LUS in various HF settings, physician adoption and interpretation of LUS findings remain suboptimal. This review aims to provide a practical and clinical overview of LUS in HF, guiding clinicians towards the correct application and interpretation of this valuable tool in diverse HF contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound)
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21 pages, 15051 KiB  
Review
Comments and Illustrations of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine (EFSUMB) Guidelines: Rare Malignant Pulmonal and Pleural Tumors: Primary Pulmonary Sarcoma and Mesothelioma, Imaging Features on Transthoracic Ultrasound
by Kathleen Möller, Florian Dietz, Michael Ludwig, Stephan Eisenmann, Christian Görg, Ehsan Safai Zadeh, Wolfgang Blank, Christian Jenssen, Veronika Vetchy, Burkhard Möller and Christoph Frank Dietrich
Diagnostics 2024, 14(20), 2339; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202339 - 21 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1217
Abstract
Primary pulmonary sarcoma and mesothelioma are rare malignancies. The review article discusses the appearance of these tumors in B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In particular, the article is intended to inspire the examination of thoracic wall tumors and [...] Read more.
Primary pulmonary sarcoma and mesothelioma are rare malignancies. The review article discusses the appearance of these tumors in B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In particular, the article is intended to inspire the examination of thoracic wall tumors and pleural masses with the possibilities of ultrasonography and to obtain histologically evaluable material using US or CEUS-guided sampling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound)
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