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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric Surgery
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Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric Surgery

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 2069

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioannis A. Valioulis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1st Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: pediatric surgery; pediatric urology; endoscopic surgery; neonatal surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pediatric surgery is a specialized field focusing on surgical care for children from the fetal period through adolescence, addressing both congenital and acquired conditions. While other specialties concern themselves with a particular area of the body, pediatric surgery is the only surgical specialty that is defined by the patient’s age rather than by a specific condition. Pediatric surgeons cope with wide physiological differences between each of the age groups, from newborns to adolescents. The specialized knowledge of pediatric surgeons ensures that treatments are tailored to the unique needs of children, considering both their physical development and emotional well-being. In addition, recent advancements in pediatric surgery, such as the increasing use of minimally invasive techniques, particularly laparoscopy and thoracoscopy, even in newborns, have greatly improved outcomes, paving the way for early intervention and less invasive treatments. Robotic surgery is also emerging as a promising area, offering potential benefits in complex cases. Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis on optimizing resources and quality standards in pediatric surgical care. 

We would like to invite you to contribute your work to the Special Issue titled “Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric Surgery”.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together cutting-edge research, innovative diagnostic techniques, and advanced management strategies that address the unique challenges faced in pediatric surgery. It seeks to provide a comprehensive platform for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals to share new insights, best practices, and the latest advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of surgical conditions in children.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include the following:

  • Recent innovations in diagnostic approaches for pediatric surgical disorders.
  • Novel surgical and non-surgical treatments that improve patient outcomes.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches in managing complex pediatric surgical cases.
  • Advancements in minimally invasive and robotic surgery specific to pediatric patients.

By focusing on these areas, this Special Issue seeks to advance the field of pediatric surgery, improve clinical practices, and ultimately enhance the care provided to children with surgical disorders.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Kind regards,

Dr. Ioannis A. Valioulis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric surgery
  • neonatal surgery
  • pediatric urology
  • pediatric oncology
  • laparoscopy in children
  • robotic surgery for children
  • organ transplantation
  • diagnostic biomarkers

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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12 pages, 944 KiB  
Systematic Review
Role of Gut and Urinary Microbiome in Children with Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review
by Anjali Srivastava, Omprakash Shete, Annu Gulia, Sumit Aggarwal, Tarini Shankar Ghosh, Vineet Ahuja and Sachit Anand
Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010093 - 3 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1775
Abstract
Background: The complex interaction between the gut and urinary microbiota underscores the importance of understanding microbial dysbiosis in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the literature on the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTIs is limited. This systematic review aims to summarize the [...] Read more.
Background: The complex interaction between the gut and urinary microbiota underscores the importance of understanding microbial dysbiosis in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the literature on the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTIs is limited. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on the roles of gut and urinary dysbiosis in pediatric UTIs. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. All studies published between January 2003 and December 2023 utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing to profile the gut or urinary microbiome in children with UTIs were included. Heat map visualization was used to compare microbial profiles between UTI and control cohorts. The methodological quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Results: Eight studies were included in this review. While five studies compared the microbiota signatures between patients and controls, three studies focused solely on the UTI cohort. Also, the gut and urinary microbiome profiles were investigated by four studies each. The consistent loss of microbiome alpha-diversity with an enrichment of specific putative pathobiont microbes was observed among the included studies. Escherichia coli consistently emerged as the predominant uropathogen in pediatric UTIs. In addition to this, Escherichia fergusonii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella flexneri were isolated in the urine of children with UTIs, and enrichment of Escherichia, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Bacillus was demonstrated in the gut microbiota of UTI patients. On the contrary, certain genera, such as Achromobacter, Alistipes, Ezakiella, Finegoldia, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Massilia, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Ureaplasma, were isolated from the controls, predominantly in the fecal samples. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable, with total scores (NOS) ranging from 5 to 8. Conclusions: The enrichment of specific pathobionts, such as Escherichia coli, in the fecal or urinary samples of the UTI cohort, along with the presence of core microbiome-associated genera in the non-UTI population, underscores the critical role of the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTI pathogenesis. These findings highlight the potential for microbiome-based strategies in pediatric UTIs. Further studies with larger cohorts, standardized healthy controls, and longitudinal profiling are essential to validate these observations and translate them into clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric Surgery)
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