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Advances in Multimodality Molecular Imaging-Volume 2

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 6050

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hidehiko Okazawa

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Guest Editor

Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho 910-1193, Japan
Interests: molecular imaging; positron emission tomography; functional imaging; MRI; neuroimaging; brain science; nuclear oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular imaging methods have seen improvements for more than a decade based on advances in molecular biology and progress in imaging technology. Recent improvements to multimodality imaging methods including PET/MRI can provide us with a better understanding of pathophysiologic changes in various diseases. The application of molecular and functional imaging for the early detection of pathologic events will play an important role in the early diagnosis and continuous observation of biologically targeted markers to predict the effects of treatment. The assessment of multimodality images is very useful, and we can observe a single pathophysiologic change from various aspects noninvasively in terms of molecular, functional, and morphologic features. The advancement of various imaging modalities will provide for the evidence-based translation of molecular alterations in pathologic events, which is very informative in clinical diagnosis and individualized medical treatment.

The aim of this Special Issue entitled “Advances in Multimodality Molecular Imaging—Volume 2” is to share information about newly developed methodologies and knowledge of molecular imaging using multiple modalities based on advancements in imaging technology. The scope of the issue will include studies on molecular imaging with PET/CT, PET/MRI, and SPECT/CT, as well as the integration of multiple imaging methods of functional and anatomical images including radiomics and radiogenomics.

Prof. Dr. Hidehiko Okazawa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

molecular imaging
positron emission tomography
functional imaging
clinical radiology
PET/MRI
PET/CT
SPECT/CT
MRI
brain science
nuclear oncology
nuclear cardiology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2148 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rapid Whole-Body FDG PET/MRI in Oncology Patients: Utility of Combining Bayesian Penalised Likelihood PET Reconstruction and Abbreviated MRI

by Junko Inoue Inukai, Munenobu Nogami, Miho Tachibana, Feibi Zeng, Tatsuya Nishitani, Kazuhiro Kubo and Takamichi Murakami

Diagnostics 2023, 13(11), 1871; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13111871 - 26 May 2023

Viewed by 1377

Abstract

This study evaluated the diagnostic value of a rapid whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, combining Bayesian penalised likelihood (BPL) PET with an optimised β value and abbreviated MRI (abb-MRI). The study compares the diagnostic performance of this approach with the standard PET/MRI that utilises ordered subsets expectation maximisation (OSEM) PET and standard MRI (std-MRI). The optimal β value was determined by evaluating the noise-equivalent count (NEC) phantom, background variability, contrast recovery, recovery coefficient, and visual scores (VS) for OSEM and BPL with β100–1000 at 2.5-, 1.5-, and 1.0-min scans, respectively. Clinical evaluations were conducted for NEC_patient, NEC_density, liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), lesion maximum standardised uptake value, lesion signal-to-background ratio, lesion SNR, and VS in 49 patients. The diagnostic performance of BPL/abb-MRI was retrospectively assessed for lesion detection and differentiation in 156 patients using VS. The optimal β values were β600 for a 1.5-min scan and β700 for a 1.0-min scan. BPL/abb-MRI at these β values was equivalent to OSEM/std-MRI for a 2.5-min scan. By combining BPL with optimal β and abb-MRI, rapid whole-body PET/MRI could be achieved in ≤1.5 min per bed position, while maintaining comparable diagnostic performance to standard PET/MRI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multimodality Molecular Imaging-Volume 2)

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13 pages, 2706 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Organ-Specific Positron Emission Tomography Scanners for Breast Imaging: Comparison between the Performances of Prior and Novel Models

by Yoko Satoh, Kohei Hanaoka, Chihiro Ikegawa, Masamichi Imai, Shota Watanabe, Daisuke Morimoto-Ishikawa, Hiroshi Onishi, Toshikazu Ito, Yoshifumi Komoike and Kazunari Ishii

Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061079 - 13 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1249

Abstract

The performances of photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based dedicated breast positron emission tomography (PET) and silicon photomultiplier tube (SiPM)-based time-of-flight (TOF) PET, which is applicable not only to breast imaging but also to head imaging, were compared using a phantom study. A cylindrical phantom containing four spheres (3–10 mm in diameter) filled with ¹⁸F-FDG at two signal-to-background ratios (SBRs), 4:1 and 8:1, was scanned. The phantom images, which were reconstructed using three-dimensional list-mode dynamic row-action maximum likelihood algorithm with various β-values and post-smoothing filters, were visually and quantitatively compared. Visual evaluation showed that the 3 mm sphere was more clearly visualized with higher β and smaller post-filters, while the background was noisier; SiPM-based TOF-PET was superior to PMT-based dbPET in sharpness, smoothness, and detectability, although the background was noisier at the SBR of 8:1. Quantitative evaluation revealed that the detection index (DI) and recovery coefficient (CRC) of SiPM-based TOF-PET images were higher than those of PMT-based PET images, despite a higher background coefficient of variation (CV_BG). The two organ-specific PET systems showed that a 3 mm lesion in the breast could be visualized at the center of the detector, and there was less noise in the SiPM-based TOF-PET image. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multimodality Molecular Imaging-Volume 2)

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13 pages, 9768 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Arterial Transit Time and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Moyamoya Disease by Simultaneous PET/MRI

by Kenji Takata, Hirohiko Kimura, Shota Ishida, Makoto Isozaki, Yoshifumi Higashino, Ken-Ichiro Kikuta, Hidehiko Okazawa and Tetsuya Tsujikawa

Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040756 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1398

Abstract

We investigated the relationship between MRI-arterial spin labeling (ASL) parameters and PET-cerebral blood flow (CBF)/cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) simultaneously obtained by PET/MRI in Moyamoya disease. Twelve patients underwent ¹⁵O-water PET/MRI with the acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge test. PET-CBF and PET-CVR were measured using ¹⁵O-water PET. Pseudo-continuous ASL obtained the robust arterial transit time (ATT) and ASL-CBF estimation. ASL parameters were compared with PET-CBF and PET-CVR. Before ACZ loading, absolute and relative ASL-CBF were significantly correlated with absolute and relative PET-CBF (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001, and r = 0.55, p < 0.0001, respectively). After ACZ loading, absolute and relative ASL-CBF were significantly correlated with absolute and relative PET-CBF (r = 0.56, p < 0.001, and r = 0.75, p < 0.0001, respectively), and ΔASL-CBF was significantly correlated with ΔPET-CBF (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). Baseline ASL-ATT had strong negative correlations with ΔPET-CBF and PET-CVR (r = −0.72, p < 0.0001, and r = −0.66, p < 0.0001, respectively). Baseline ASL-ATT of MCA territories with CVR <30% (1546 ± 79 ms) was significantly higher than that with CVR > 30% (898 ± 197 ms). ASL-ATT ratio of MCA territories with CVR < 30% (94.0 ± 10.5%) was significantly higher than that with CVR > 30% (81.4 ± 11.3%). ATT correction using multiple postlabeling delays increased the accuracy of ASL-CBF quantitation. Baseline ASL-ATT is a hemodynamic parameter and may represent an efficient alternative to PET-CVR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multimodality Molecular Imaging-Volume 2)

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Review

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20 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessReview

Quantitative vs. Qualitative SPECT-CT Diagnostic Accuracy in Bone Lesion Evaluation—A Review of the Literature

by Mario-Demian Mutuleanu, Diana Loreta Paun, Alexandra Maria Lazar, Cristina Petroiu, Oana Gabriela Trifanescu, Rodica Maricela Anghel and Mirela Gherghe

Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2971; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182971 - 17 Sep 2023

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Abstract

(1) Background: Considering the importance that quantitative molecular imaging has gained and the need for objective and reproducible image interpretation, the aim of the present review is to emphasize the benefits of performing a quantitative interpretation of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) studies compared to qualitative interpretation methods in bone lesion evaluations while suggesting new directions for research on this topic. (2) Methods: By conducting comprehensive literature research, we performed an analysis of published data regarding the use of quantitative and qualitative SPECT-CT in the evaluation of bone metastases. (3) Results: Several studies have evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative and qualitative SPECT-CT in differentiating between benign and metastatic bone lesions. We collected the sensitivity and specificity for both quantitative and qualitative SPECT-CT; their values ranged between 74–92% and 81–93% for quantitative bone SPECT-CT and between 60–100% and 41–100% for qualitative bone SPECT-CT. (4) Conclusions: Both qualitative and quantitative SPECT-CT present an increased potential for better differentiating between benign and metastatic bone lesions, with the latter offering additional objective information, thus increasing diagnostic accuracy and enabling the possibility of performing treatment response evaluation through accurate measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multimodality Molecular Imaging-Volume 2)

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