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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gynecological and Obstetric Diseases
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Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gynecological and Obstetric Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1658

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Gullo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, I.V.F. Public Center, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco, 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
Interests: endometrial cancer; obstetric and gynecological cancers;reproductive medicine; fertility preservation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valentina Billone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
Interests: laparoscopy; obstetric; infertility; gynecological malignancies; ultrasound
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gynecological and Obstetric Diseases”, focuses on presenting cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews that span the breadth of gynecological and obstetric disorders. It encompasses a wide range of manuscripts detailing innovative diagnostic techniques, from advanced imaging modalities to novel biomarker assessments. Furthermore, it explores the latest prognostic models and strategies, aiming to enhance prediction accuracy for various gynecological cancers, pregnancy complications, and other obstetric conditions. By gathering expert insights and evidence-based findings, this Special Issue strives to advance clinical management and patient outcomes in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics.

Dr. Giuseppe Gullo
Guest Editor

Dr. Valentina Billone
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • gynecological and obstetric diseases
  • markers
  • screening

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1099 KiB  
Article
NF-κB as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Thin Endometrium: Predictive Value for Live Birth in Recurrent Implantation Failure
by Zercan Kalı, Pervin Karlı, Fatma Tanılır, Pınar Kırıcı and Serhat Ege
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1762; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141762 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Background: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) poses a major challenge in assisted reproductive technologies, with thin endometrium (≤7 mm) being a frequently observed yet poorly understood condition. Emerging evidence implicates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor in inflammatory signaling, in impaired endometrial [...] Read more.
Background: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) poses a major challenge in assisted reproductive technologies, with thin endometrium (≤7 mm) being a frequently observed yet poorly understood condition. Emerging evidence implicates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor in inflammatory signaling, in impaired endometrial receptivity. However, its clinical relevance and prognostic value for live birth outcomes still need to be fully elucidated. Objective: We aim to evaluate the expression levels of endometrial NF-κB in patients with RIF and thin endometrium and to determine its potential as a predictive biomarker for live birth outcomes following IVF treatment. Methods: In this prospective case–control study, 158 women were categorized into three groups: Group 1 (RIF with thin endometrium, ≤7 mm, n = 52), Group 2 (RIF with normal endometrium, >7 mm, n = 38), and fertile controls (n = 68). NF-κB levels were assessed using ELISA and immunohistochemical histoscore. Pregnancy outcomes were compared across groups. ROC analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the predictive value of NF-κB. Results: NF-κB expression was significantly elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and controls (p = 0.0017). ROC analysis identified a cut-off value of 7.8 ng/mg for live birth prediction (AUC = 0.72, sensitivity 74%, specificity 75%). Multivariable analysis confirmed NF-κB is an independent predictor of live birth (p = 0.045). Histological findings revealed increased NF-κB staining in luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the thin endometrium group. Conclusions: Increased endometrial NF-κB expression is associated with thin endometrium and reduced live birth rates in RIF patients. NF-κB may serve not only as a biomarker of pathological inflammation but also as a prognostic tool for treatment stratification in IVF. Based on findings in the literature, the therapeutic targeting of NF-κB may represent a promising strategy to improve implantation outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gynecological and Obstetric Diseases)
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16 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Sexual Functioning and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Postpartum Thyroiditis
by Karolina Kowalcze, Gaspare Cucinella, Giuseppe Gullo and Robert Krysiak
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101286 - 20 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 540
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The presence of autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Women’s sexual health was not investigated in postpartum disorders of the thyroid gland. The aim of this study was to assess female sexual functioning [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The presence of autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Women’s sexual health was not investigated in postpartum disorders of the thyroid gland. The aim of this study was to assess female sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in postpartum thyroiditis. Methods: This study compared four groups of non-lactating women who gave birth within 12 months before the beginning of the study: women with postpartum thyroiditis and overt hypothyroidism (group A), women with postpartum thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism (group B), euthyroid females with postpartum thyroiditis (group C) and healthy euthyroid females without thyroid disease (group D). All patients completed questionnaires assessing female sexual function (FSFI), and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (BDI-II). Moreover, we assessed thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroid hormones, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol and prolactin. Results: The mean total FSFI score was lower in women with overt hypothyroidism (22.74 ± 4.12) than in the remaining groups of women, lower in groups B (25.71 ± 3.84) and C (29.67 ± 4.00) than in group D (32.15 ± 2.98), as well as lower in group B than in group C. Compared to healthy controls, both groups of women with postpartum thyroiditis and thyroid hypofunction had lower scores for all domains, while euthyroid patients with postpartum thyroiditis had lower scores for sexual desire, sexual arousal and lubrication. The total BDI-II score was highest in group A (15.6 ± 3.2) and lowest in group D (7.8 ± 3.2). Serum testosterone and DHEAS levels were lower while serum prolactin levels were higher in women with postpartum thyroiditis than in healthy subjects. The lowest testosterone levels (1.02 ± 0.35 nmol/L) and estradiol levels (190 ± 80 pmol/L) and the highest prolactin concentration (39.9 ± 13.9 ng/mL) were found in group A. Conclusions: The obtained results show that postpartum thyroiditis is complicated by multidimensional impairment of female sexual functioning, which is accompanied by mood deterioration. Severity of sexual dysfunction and depressive symptoms in this clinical entity depends on the degree of thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism. It seems that assessment of sexual functioning and mood should be recommended to all women with postpartum thyroiditis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gynecological and Obstetric Diseases)

Other

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27 pages, 2096 KiB  
Case Report
Fraser Syndrome: A Narrative Review Based on a Case from Vietnam and the Past 20 Years of Research
by Xuan Trang Thi Pham, Phuc Nhon Nguyen and Xuan Song Hoang
Diagnostics 2025, 15(13), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15131606 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 528
Abstract
Introduction: Fraser syndrome (FS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. However, the clinical presentation remains variable. Diagnosis is based on a series of major and minor clinical criteria that can be supported by genetic tests. Prenatal diagnosis remains challenging. Methods: Herein, [...] Read more.
Introduction: Fraser syndrome (FS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. However, the clinical presentation remains variable. Diagnosis is based on a series of major and minor clinical criteria that can be supported by genetic tests. Prenatal diagnosis remains challenging. Methods: Herein, we reported a case of Fraser syndrome that was missed by ultrasound and diagnosed late at birth. The newborn presented with cryptophthalmos–syndactyly syndrome and absence of the right kidney. Based on a literature review of articles from the past 20 years, the authors found 40 cases, including indexed cases on PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scholar using keywords related to “Fraser syndrome”. Through this report, we discuss the polymalformative syndrome, the clinical and paraclinical aspects of this syndrome, its clinical management, and highlight the importance of prenatal diagnosis in the light of research. Results: Our study found that consanguine parents (41.0%) were increasing risk factors for FS and poor socio-economic status delayed the early detection of FS. Among the 40 cases, 27 cases were detected postnatally. More than half of the cases resulted in poor perinatal outcomes. The common findings were cryptophthalmos (87.5%), syndactyly (87.5%), renal abnormalities (55.5%), and genital abnormalities (42.5%). Conclusions: A prenatal diagnosis of Fraser syndrome is still difficult. Thus, a counseled ultrasound scan at a specialized center should be recommended in suspected cases with indirect signs and risk factors of consanguinity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gynecological and Obstetric Diseases)
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