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Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition)
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Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Orthopedics & Sports Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 6397

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tomas Novotny

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedics, University J.E. Purkyne, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
Interests: paediatric orthopaedics; soft tissue research (clubfoot, Dupuytren, scars); motion analysis; musculoskeletal ultrasound
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Randall T. Loder

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Interests: pediatric orthopaedic surgery; pediatric trauma/fractures; hip dysplasia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of paediatric orthopaedics has seen remarkable advancement in knowledge in recent decades, which has been further coupled with the considerable worldwide enthusiasm of researchers in this medical field. This research has resulted in new information about the aetiology, progression, diagnostics, and therapy of many paediatric musculoskeletal disorders.

Novel technical options and solutions have allowed us to gain knowledge about ultrastructural tissue composition in various paediatric deformities, such as clubfoot, and brought us one step closer to discovering the origin of these diseases. These findings will hopefully enable us to base new therapeutic approaches on cellular and tissue engineering in the future.

Three-dimensional printing and computer navigation allow us to perform surgical procedures more efficiently through minimally invasive approaches, and thus with lower tissue damage. The development of techniques of motion analysis has enabled us to describe the changes in movement patterns after various surgical procedures.

Considering the success and popularity of the Special Issue “Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery” previously published in the journal Children (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/children/special_issues/0Q0V67KKX2), we now release a Second Issue aimed to address this topic by inviting scholars to their share findings, perspectives, and approaches in paediatric orthopaedics. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Tomas Novotny
Prof. Dr. Randall T. Loder
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • research and basic science
  • paediatric orthopaedics
  • hip disorders
  • foot deformities
  • spinal disorders
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • paediatric trauma
  • ultrasound
  • motion analysis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 385 KiB  
Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dutch Screening Program for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip—Delayed Screening and One-Year Outcomes
by Jan H. Hinloopen, Demi J. Donker, Joost H. van Linge, Christiaan J. A. van Bergen, Florens Q. M. P. van Douveren, Margret Foreman-van Drongelen, Frederike E. C. M. Mulder, Jaap J. Tolk and Pieter Bas de Witte
Children 2025, 12(5), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050538 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 162
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In the Netherlands, selective ultrasound (US) screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) typically occurs at 3 months of age. During the COVID-19 pandemic, US screening was temporarily halted in Dutch hospitals, with consequent delay in DDH screening and possibly inferior [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In the Netherlands, selective ultrasound (US) screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) typically occurs at 3 months of age. During the COVID-19 pandemic, US screening was temporarily halted in Dutch hospitals, with consequent delay in DDH screening and possibly inferior outcomes in DDH patients. Methods: We analyzed 1849 infants screened for DDH during the COVID-19 pandemic (March–August 2020) and 1663 infants screened before the pandemic (March–August 2019). We compared mean age and timing of screening (standard vs. delayed (delayed defined as ≥15 weeks)). For secondary outcomes, we compared DDH patients with delayed screening to standard screening, assessing severity at diagnosis, treatment method and duration, and outcomes at the age of one year, including acetabular index (AI) on radiographs. Results: Mean age at screening was 17.3 weeks during the COVID-19 crisis (2020) vs. 15.8 weeks in the 2019 cohort (mean difference 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–1.8, p < 0.001). Delayed screening occurred in 57.6% of infants in 2020 vs. 36.7% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Patients with DDH with delayed screening (n = 284), compared to standard screening (n = 284), did not differ in mean alpha angle at diagnosis (55.0° vs. 54.4°, mean difference 0.6, 95% CI −0.06–1.25, p = 0.08) and AI at one year (24.0° vs. 24.5°, mean difference −0.5, 95% CI −1.05–0.14, p = 0.13). Conclusions: This study revealed that disruption of healthcare caused by the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a delay in the Dutch DDH-screening program. However, in this study, delayed screening was not associated with inferior outcomes at the age of one year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition))
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24 pages, 2372 KiB  
Article
Injury Patterns and Associated Demographic Characteristics in Children with a Fracture from Equines: A US National Based Study
by Randall T. Loder, Alyssa L. Walker and Laurel C. Blakemore
Children 2024, 11(12), 1443; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121443 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1061
Abstract
Background: Fractures often occur due to equestrian activities with injury patterns varying by age. The purpose of this study was to investigate in detail fracture patterns and associated demographics in children due to equine activities. Materials: The US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System [...] Read more.
Background: Fractures often occur due to equestrian activities with injury patterns varying by age. The purpose of this study was to investigate in detail fracture patterns and associated demographics in children due to equine activities. Materials: The US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for all injuries with the consumer product code 1239 (horseback riding) from 2000 to 2023. Those <16 years old with fractures were extracted. Statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 11.0.01™ software to obtain national estimates. Results: There were an estimated 101,677 patients with a fracture. Girls comprised 72.5% and the patient was discharged from the hospital in 81.5% of cases. Fractures involved the upper extremity in 80,973 (80.0%), the pelvis/lower extremity in 11,794 (11.7%), the spine in 3060 (3.0%), the skull/face in 4321 (4.4%), and the rib/sternum in 940 (0.9%). The humerus, elbow, radius/ulna, and wrist accounted for 62.4% of all the fractures. The youngest age group (0- to 5-year-olds) had more boys and was more likely to be admitted to the hospital. The child was injured due to a fall from the horse in 75.7%, bucked/thrown off/kicked off in 17.0%, with the remaining 7.3% from other mechanisms. Conclusions: This extensive description of fractures in children due to equestrian injuries can be used to determine the effectiveness of future prevention strategies, such as protective equipment and educational programs. It also gives pediatric trauma and orthopedic surgeons an overall view of the types of fractures which occur in children due to equestrian activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition))
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11 pages, 2025 KiB  
Article
Stabilometry in Relation to Hip and Knee Muscle Force in Children with Surgically Treated Unilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
by Marius Negru, Anca Raluca Dinu, Elena Amaricai, Liliana Catan, Andrei Daniel Bolovan, Adrian Emil Lazarescu, Corina Maria Stanciulescu, Eugen Sorin Boia and Calin Marius Popoiu
Children 2024, 11(10), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101186 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 736
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The main aim of our study was to analyze the stabilometric parameters in relation to hip and knee muscle force in children with unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) who had undergone surgical treatment. Another objective was to compare the stabilometry in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The main aim of our study was to analyze the stabilometric parameters in relation to hip and knee muscle force in children with unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) who had undergone surgical treatment. Another objective was to compare the stabilometry in three testing situations (eyes open, eyes closed, and head retroflexed). Methods: In total, 26 patients with unilateral right SCFE treated via in situ fixation with one percutaneous screw performed stabilometry assessments under three different situations (with their eyes open, with their eyes closed, and with their head retroflexed) and isometric muscle force assessment of the bilateral hip flexors, extensors, abductors and adductors and bilateral knee flexors and extensors. Results: No significant differences between the right side (affected hip) and left side (non-affected hip) were recorded for all of the tested muscle groups. We found significant negative correlations between the 90% confidence ellipse area (eyes open condition) and left knee extensors (p = 0.028), right knee flexors (p = 0.041), and left knee flexors (p = 0.02), respectively. When performing the comparison between the eyes open and eyes closed situations, there were significant differences in CoP path length (p < 0.0001) and maximum CoP speed (p = 0.048); the parameters increased in the eyes closed situation. Conclusions: Better postural stability is acquired when assessed with eyes open or with the head retroflexed in contrast with eyes closed testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition))
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12 pages, 462 KiB  
Article
Complications and Outcomes of Surgically Treated Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
by Sebastian G. Hahn, Andrea Schuller, Lorenz Pichler, Anna Hohensteiner, Thomas Sator, Oskar Bamer, Britta Chocholka, Manuela Jaindl, Elisabeth Schwendenwein, Bikash Parajuli, Sanika Rapole, Thomas Tiefenboeck and Stephan Payr
Children 2024, 11(7), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070791 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
This study describes the outcome of supracondylar humerus fractures in children using crossed K-wires after closed or open reduction with the medial, lateral or bilateral approach. Patients treated between January 2000 and December 2019 were classified according to the Von Laer classification, complications [...] Read more.
This study describes the outcome of supracondylar humerus fractures in children using crossed K-wires after closed or open reduction with the medial, lateral or bilateral approach. Patients treated between January 2000 and December 2019 were classified according to the Von Laer classification, complications were classified according to the Sink classification and clinical outcomes were classified according to modified Flynn criteria. In total, 364 patients with a mean age of 5.23 ± 2.45 years were included. The majority were type IV fractures (156; 42.9%) and 94 (60.3%) needed an open reduction for which the medial approach (53; 56.4%) was predominantly used. Overall, of 50 complications (31 using closed reduction, 19 open reduction), 17/50 (34%) needed revision surgery. An excellent clinical outcome was achieved in 348/364 (95.6%) patients. The approach used for open reduction as such had no influence on the complication rate or clinical outcome. For severely displaced fractures, the data showed that an open approach for crossed K-wires tended to result in fewer complications and better clinical outcomes than a closed reduction. If an open reduction is indicated, the required approach (medial, lateral or bilateral) should be primarily selected according to the requirements of the fracture pattern and eventual cosmetic considerations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition))
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12 pages, 424 KiB  
Systematic Review
MPFL Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients: Comparison Between Anatomic and Non-Anatomic Femoral Fixation—Systematic Review
by Georgios Kalinterakis, Iakovos Vlastos, Elina Gianzina, Savvas Dimitriadis, Konstantinos Mastrantonakis, Efstathios Chronopoulos and Christos K. Yiannakopoulos
Children 2024, 11(11), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111275 - 22 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1139
Abstract
Background: MPFL reconstruction in children with open physis may be challenging, as a major concern during the surgery is to preserve the distal femoral physis. The purpose of this study was to compare the complication rate and the patient-reported outcomes in skeletally immature [...] Read more.
Background: MPFL reconstruction in children with open physis may be challenging, as a major concern during the surgery is to preserve the distal femoral physis. The purpose of this study was to compare the complication rate and the patient-reported outcomes in skeletally immature patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction using an anatomic (A) or non- anatomic (NA) surgical technique. Methods: For this systematic review, the authors adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted from inception to 31 May 2024. Three databases were used: Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane library. We included skeletally immature patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction for chronic or recurrent patellar instability. The included studies should describe the surgical technique, report clinical outcomes and complications. Patients with closed physis, prior ipsilateral knee surgery, concomitant surgical procedures except for lateral retinacular release, multiligament knee injury, congenital or acute patellofemoral instability, hyperlaxity or less than 12 months follow up were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I, MINORS and MCMS scores. Results: Data from 304 procedures were collected, of which 208 were performed using an anatomic technique and 96 using a non-anatomic technique. Patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 8 to 17 years. The follow-up time ranged between 12 and 116.4 months. Postoperative Kujala (−0.73, p = 0.55) and Tegner (−0.70, p = 0.80) scores were better in the anatomic group compared to the non-anatomic one. Higher rates of recurrent instability (OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.44–1.86, p = 0.85), redislocation (OR 1.21; 95%CI 0.42–3.51, p = 0.8), subluxation (OR 0.73; 95%CI 0.29–1.83, p = 0.62), a positive apprehension test (OR 0.92; 95%CI 0.27–3.13, p = 0.89), stiffness (decreased ROM) (OR 1.63; 95%CI 0.33–1.72, p = 0.54) and reoperation (OR 1.16; 95%CI 0.35–3.80, p = 0.8) were reported in papers using the anatomic technique. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review reveal that there is no significant difference between anatomic and non-anatomic MPFL reconstruction techniques in terms of patient-reported outcomes and complications. Thus, the choice of surgical technique might be left up to surgeon’s preference. Further high-quality, pediatric-oriented studies with long-term follow–up are needed to better guide clinical decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd Edition))
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