Journal Description
Children
Children
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on children’s health published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Pediatrics)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.4 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.6 (2022)
Latest Articles
Finding Stability—A Case Report on the Benefits of Adapted Kata Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Children 2024, 11(5), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050523 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of an Adapted Kata Training Program (AKTP) in enhancing balance for a 10-year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), employing a mixed-model approach for data collection. Over 12 weeks, the AKTP demonstrated significant improvements in the child’s balance
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This study investigated the efficacy of an Adapted Kata Training Program (AKTP) in enhancing balance for a 10-year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), employing a mixed-model approach for data collection. Over 12 weeks, the AKTP demonstrated significant improvements in the child’s balance abilities, with an 11% increase in static balance, 8% in proprioceptive, 12% in horizontal, and 14% in vertical balance performance. These improvements persisted in a follow-up assessment after four weeks. Observations by the child’s mother corroborated the above findings. Consequently, this research suggests the AKTP as a valuable non-pharmacological intervention to improve balance in children with ASD. However, further studies are necessary to validate these results and explore the impact on additional developmental domains, such as cognitive and motor skills.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Childhood Sports Rehabilitation)
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The Impact of Family Functioning Factors on Smartphone Addiction and Phubbing among Muslim Adolescents in Thailand
by
Yejin Kim, Wanchai Dhammasaccakarn, Kasetchai Laeheem and Idsaratt Rinthaisong
Children 2024, 11(5), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050522 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Background: While there is research on protective factors against smartphone addiction (SA) and phubbing, which impact adolescents’ physical, psychological, interpersonal, and academic well-being, focused studies on these issues among Thai Muslim students in Southern Thailand remain scarce. Objectives: To bridge this
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Background: While there is research on protective factors against smartphone addiction (SA) and phubbing, which impact adolescents’ physical, psychological, interpersonal, and academic well-being, focused studies on these issues among Thai Muslim students in Southern Thailand remain scarce. Objectives: To bridge this gap, this research aimed to explore the influence of five family functioning factors—discipline, communication and problem-solving (CPS), relationship, emotional status, and family support—guided by family systems theory and the McMaster Model, on SA and phubbing. Methods: Data from 825 Thai Muslim adolescent secondary school students (Female N = 459 (55.7%), Mage = 15.11 ± 1.78) across three southern Thai provinces were analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Significant connections were identified between family functioning factors, particularly emotional status and discipline, and SA, and their impact on phubbing behavior. SA was found to mediate the relationship between these two family factors and phubbing. Interestingly, a higher quality of family relationships was found to be associated with an increased risk of SA, while the other two family functions—CPS and family support—demonstrated no significant association with these digital behaviors. Conclusions: Despite its limitations, including a cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reports, the study underscores the importance of specific family functions in preventing and addressing adolescent SA and phubbing.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Body Image and Other Mood Vulnerabilities in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Alterations
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Federica Barbagallo, Lara Tiranini, Chiara Placentino, Giacomo Mariacci, Manuela Piccinino, Laura Cucinella, Aldo E. Calogero and Rossella E. Nappi
Children 2024, 11(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050521 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Psychological vulnerability is a relevant component of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but it is still under-explored, especially during adolescence. The aim of this study was to describe a selection of psychometric characteristics in a clinical sample of Italian adolescents with PCOS. Moreover,
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Introduction: Psychological vulnerability is a relevant component of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but it is still under-explored, especially during adolescence. The aim of this study was to describe a selection of psychometric characteristics in a clinical sample of Italian adolescents with PCOS. Moreover, we reported the associations of body image, eating attitudes, and mood with metabolic features. Methods: Our sample included 128 adolescent girls (age range: 14–19 years) with PCOS. Validated psychometric questionnaires were administered: State Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Body Attitude Test (BAT), Bulimia Investigation Test (BITE), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Anxiety was the most prevalent mood disorder (63.1% trait anxiety and 57% state anxiety). Our cohort also showed a high prevalence of depression (39.1%), body image dissatisfaction (49.2%), disordered eating (11.7%), and bulimic risk (41.4%). PCOS adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) had statistically significant higher body image distress compared to those with normal weight and without IR (p < 0.001). The Sobel test for mediation showed that body image dissatisfaction mediates the relationship between state anxiety and bulimic risk (Z = 3.42, p < 0.001) and between depression and bulimic risk (Z = 4.59, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A considerable number of patients with PCOS experience psychological disorders during adolescence. IR and obesity play a role in the distress associated with body image, further contributing to psychological vulnerability, especially in the bulimic domain. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach in adolescents with PCOS represents the basis for effectively managing and preventing complications arising from both psychological and biological disorders in adulthood.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrine Diseases in Pediatrics: Diagnosis and Treatment)
Open AccessArticle
The Relationship between Digital Game Addiction Tendency and Depressive Symptoms in Children (36–72 Months)
by
Melike Yavas Celik
Children 2024, 11(5), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050520 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between digital game addiction tendency and depressive symptoms in children (36–72 months). Method: We conducted this research in a virtual environment with the mothers of 747 children (36–72 months). A predictive evaluation was performed using
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Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between digital game addiction tendency and depressive symptoms in children (36–72 months). Method: We conducted this research in a virtual environment with the mothers of 747 children (36–72 months). A predictive evaluation was performed using a simple regression analysis between the mean scores of the Digital Game Addiction Tendency Scale (DGATS) and the Child Depressive Symptoms Assessment Scale (CDSAS). Results: A total of 53.9% of children reported that they play games for 3–24 h a day. The average duration of children playing digital games was 2.86 ± 1.86 h per day. The total mean score of the CDSAS was 142.48 ± 27.36. The total mean score the children received from DGATS was 46.34 ± 17.28. In the regression analysis, it was determined that there was a strong positive correlation between the (DGATS) total score average and the (CDSAS) total score average (R = 0.52, R2 = 0.27, p < 0.05). Accordingly, digital game addiction tendency explains 27% of children’s depressive symptoms. Conclusions: When the standardized beta coefficient and t values are examined, it can be said that digital game addiction tendency is a significant predictor of children’s depressive symptoms.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress and Stress Resilience in Children and Adolescents)
Open AccessBrief Report
Still an Unsolved Question: The Place of Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia
by
Luisa Mittendorf, Matthias K. Bernhard, Ina Sterker, Wieland Kiess, Janina Gburek-Augustat and Andreas Merkenschlager
Children 2024, 11(5), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050519 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to collect further data to estimate the risk of relevant intracranial pathology and thereby better assess the need for cranial imaging in children with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). To date, there is still not enough
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to collect further data to estimate the risk of relevant intracranial pathology and thereby better assess the need for cranial imaging in children with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). To date, there is still not enough literature on this topic to enable a consensus on the diagnostic algorithm. Methods: We analyzed data from patients with convergent strabismus who received cranial imaging via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-one patients received a cranial MRI for the diagnostic evaluation of AACE. The age range was from 2 to 12 years, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 5.5 years. Of these patients, only one exhibited insignificant MRI findings, with no therapeutic consequences. Conclusions: Our data add further evidence that AACE without neurological findings or other ophthalmologic anomalies might not be an indication for cranial MRI as a diagnostic screening tool.
Full article
Open AccessReview
Pediatric Hypertension: A Condition That Matters
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Martina Avesani, Giuseppe Calcaterra, Jolanda Sabatino, Giulia Pelaia, Irene Cattapan, Francesco Barillà, Francesco Martino, Roberto Pedrinelli, Pier Paolo Bassareo and Giovanni Di Salvo
Children 2024, 11(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050518 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Systemic hypertension has been considered mainly as an adult health issue for a long time, but it is now being increasingly acknowledged as a significant problem also among pediatric patients. The frequency of pediatric hypertension has grown mostly because of increases in childhood
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Systemic hypertension has been considered mainly as an adult health issue for a long time, but it is now being increasingly acknowledged as a significant problem also among pediatric patients. The frequency of pediatric hypertension has grown mostly because of increases in childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles, but secondary forms of hypertension play a role as well. Considering that unaddressed hypertension during childhood can result in enduring cardiovascular complications, timely identification and intervention are essential. Strategies for addressing this disease encompass not only lifestyle adjustments, but also the use of medications when needed. Lifestyle modifications entail encouraging a nutritious diet, consistent physical activity, and the maintenance of a healthy weight. Moreover, educating both children and their caregivers about monitoring blood pressure at home can aid in long-term management. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the etiologies, classification, and principles of the treatment of hypertension in pediatric patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Cardiology)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring Independent and Cumulative Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on PTSD and CPTSD a Study in Ugandan Adolescents
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Paulo Ferrajão, Francisco Frias and Ask Elklit
Children 2024, 11(5), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050517 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is related to higher morbidity and mortality among adolescents. The present study analyzed the independent and cumulative effects of ACE exposure on the likelihood of PTSD and a CPSTD diagnosis in Ugandan adolescents. A sample of 401
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Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is related to higher morbidity and mortality among adolescents. The present study analyzed the independent and cumulative effects of ACE exposure on the likelihood of PTSD and a CPSTD diagnosis in Ugandan adolescents. A sample of 401 schoolchildren participated in the study. The primary aim was to collect information on ACEs, PTSD, CPTSD, and attachment styles among adolescents living in different countries. It was found that exposure to 2–3 ACEs and exposure to 4–5 ACEs were significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis, while exposure to sexual abuse, bullying, threats of violence, and near-drowning were significantly related to CPTSD diagnosis. Fearful attachment style was significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis. The results propose that biological, psychological, and social issues interact and contribute to the differential prevalence of ACE, attachment styles, and PTSD/CPTSD. This study underscores the importance of addressing childhood-averse and traumatic experiences as a public health priority in Uganda.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators in the Management of Childhood Trauma and Violence Exposure Intervention in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa
by
Petunia Tsheole, Lufuno Makhado, Angelina Maphula and Nombulelo Veronica Sepeng
Children 2024, 11(5), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050516 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Research has shown that barriers and facilitators in psychotherapy exhibit similarities. The authors of this study are of the view that to effectively address the difficulties encountered in psychotherapy for children and adolescents, it is crucial to consider the points of view of
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Research has shown that barriers and facilitators in psychotherapy exhibit similarities. The authors of this study are of the view that to effectively address the difficulties encountered in psychotherapy for children and adolescents, it is crucial to consider the points of view of professionals who have firsthand encounters with children. The purpose of this study was to effectively explore barriers and facilitators in the treatment of children exposed to trauma and violence. Exploratory and descriptive methods, as components of a qualitative research design, were employed to investigate and articulate the barriers and facilitators involved in managing childhood trauma. An advertisement was used to recruit participants. It was developed and distributed to psychologists and social workers recommended by the Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Programme. Seventeen professionals were individually interviewed using semi-structured interview schedules. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings of the study indicated a lack of commitment from parents in honouring appointments, financial challenges, a fear of perpetrators associated with the poor reporting of incidences, professional boundaries, and referral route challenges. Familiar facilitators in the management of childhood trauma included continuous training and workshops for all people working with childhood trauma and violence, the employment of more victim advocates, and awareness campaigns. Additionally, the referral pathway for traumatised children presents logistical, psychological, and educational hurdles, underscoring the complex nature of meeting the needs of these vulnerable populations within the healthcare system. In conclusion, even while the currently available research supports the barriers and facilitators for this population, more investigation is required to examine how these factors affect treatment outcomes, particularly in community-based settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress and Stress Resilience in Children and Adolescents)
Open AccessArticle
Identifying Opportunities for Early Detection of Cerebral Palsy
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Brittany Hornby, Ginny S. Paleg, Sîan A. Williams, Álvaro Hidalgo-Robles, Roslyn W. Livingstone, Parma E. Montufar Wright, Alice Taylor and Michael Wade Shrader
Children 2024, 11(5), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050515 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate assessment and referral practices for the early detection and diagnosis of children at risk for or with cerebral palsy (CP) by health care and education providers in Maryland and Delaware. A secondary aim was to identify barriers for
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This study aimed to evaluate assessment and referral practices for the early detection and diagnosis of children at risk for or with cerebral palsy (CP) by health care and education providers in Maryland and Delaware. A secondary aim was to identify barriers for using early detection tools and identify opportunities for change to support early diagnosis and improve care. Seventy-two participants answered ≥ 50% of the survey questions. Most were occupational or physical therapists (86%) working in early intervention (61%). Eighty-eight percent indicated awareness that CP can be diagnosed by 12 months. Though 86% stated they typically suspect a diagnosis of CP between 0 and 12 months, only 19% reported that their patients received a CP diagnosis < 12 months. The Developmental Assessment of Young Children (73%) and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (59%) were used most. Many respondents indicated never using magnetic resonance imaging (70%), the General Movements Assessment (87%), or the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Exam (69%). Participants identified clinical signs and symptoms prompting a referral for the diagnostic assessment of CP, most commonly stiffness in legs (95%), excessive head lag (93%), and persistent fisting (92%). Policy and organizational change, clinician education, and training are needed to support the implementation of CP early detection guidelines.
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Open AccessArticle
Comparative Evaluation of New Needleless Local Anesthetic System (INJEX) and Conventional Syringe Needle Technique during Pulpotomy Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Satish Vishwanathaiah, Nassreen H. Albar, Fatemah Tawfeg Abkar Alraghi, Noor Eissa Mousa Jaferi, Ishraq Abdullah Mohammed Tumayhi, Suman Panda, Fatima Ali Hassan Khormi, Atlal Hassan Hussain Jaafari, Zahra Ahmed Ibrahim Abiri and Prabhadevi C. Maganur
Children 2024, 11(5), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050514 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Background: The dreaded sensation of pain in the dental chair has a significant impact on children’s behavior. This study aimed to compare and contrast the perception of pain and patient behavior between the use of INJEX and the conventional syringe needle technique during
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Background: The dreaded sensation of pain in the dental chair has a significant impact on children’s behavior. This study aimed to compare and contrast the perception of pain and patient behavior between the use of INJEX and the conventional syringe needle technique during pulpotomy among children. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was designed and conducted among pediatric dentistry patients aged 6–12 years old. Fifty-eight children were divided into two groups, conventional syringe needle and INJEX, using simple randomization method applying the sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelope method of allocation concealment. Anesthesia was administered to the groups as local infiltration by a single operator following routine behavior guidance techniques. After 3 min, pulpotomy was performed using the standard protocol. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale and Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS) were used to assess the intensity of pain, while the Frankl behavior rating scale (FBRS) was used to assess the children’s behavior. Results: During anesthesia, most of the participants in the INJEX group (median = 3) had higher FBRS scores compared with the conventional syringe needle group (median = 2), and the difference was very highly significant (p-value < 0.001). Analyzing the FLACC scores during local anesthesia administration revealed a high statistical significance (p-value < 0.01) across the two groups. A very high statistically significant difference (p-values < 0.001) with higher WBS scores for pain intensity was seen in the group using conventional syringe needles. Conclusions: INJEX administration significantly reduced the intensity of pain experienced by the children and helped maintain a positive attitude among them during pulpotomy. It provided a positive and comfortable experience for both the child and the practitioner. Therefore, it can serve as an excellent alternative to conventional needle anesthesia.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Progress of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry)
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Open AccessArticle
Hypothyroidism in Patients with Down Syndrome: Prevalence and Association with Congenital Heart Defects
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Francesca Gorini, Alessio Coi, Anna Pierini, Nadia Assanta, Antonio Bottoni and Michele Santoro
Children 2024, 11(5), 513; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050513 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
This population-based study aimed to assess the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH) and their association with congenital heart defects (CHDs) in patients with Down syndrome (DS). The population included all live births residing in Tuscany (Italy) diagnosed with DS
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This population-based study aimed to assess the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH) and their association with congenital heart defects (CHDs) in patients with Down syndrome (DS). The population included all live births residing in Tuscany (Italy) diagnosed with DS recorded in the Registry of Congenital Defects and in the Registry of Rare Diseases of Tuscany in the years 2003–2017. The prevalence of CH and OH in DS patients was calculated by sex and by period. The association of CH and OH with CHDs in DS patients was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. The cohort included 228 subjects. The prevalence of CH and OH was 11.4% (95%CI: 7.4–16.7%) and 12.7% (95%CI: 8.5–12.3%), respectively, with no significant difference by sex. A significant increase in the prevalence of CH (p < 0.0001) was found in the years 2010–2017 compared to the previous period, and among preterm infants (p = 0.009). The presence of CH was associated with a higher prevalence of CHDs (adjusted OR = 2.24, p = 0.082). A significant association between ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and the occurrence of OH (adjusted OR = 3.07, p = 0.025) was also observed. This study confirmed the higher prevalence of both CH and OH in DS compared to the general population. Furthermore, the risk of association between DS and CHDs was higher in the presence of CH, while VSDs are associated with OH, providing relevant insights into the epidemiology of hypothyroidism in DS and associated anomalies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Endocrinology)
Open AccessArticle
Gender Differences in Academic Resilience and Well-Being among Senior High School Students in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
by
Mustapha Amoadu, Edmond Kwesi Agormedah, Paul Obeng, Medina Srem-Sai, John Elvis Hagan, Jr. and Thomas Schack
Children 2024, 11(5), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050512 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Senior high school (SHS) students are at risk of stress and other adverse exposures that may negatively affect their well-being and possibly cause attrition. The concepts of academic resilience and well-being share commonality as psychological attributes linked to positive functioning among students. Despite
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Senior high school (SHS) students are at risk of stress and other adverse exposures that may negatively affect their well-being and possibly cause attrition. The concepts of academic resilience and well-being share commonality as psychological attributes linked to positive functioning among students. Despite this connection, there seems to be limited research exploring these concepts across genders among SHS students in developing regions. This study examined the gender difference in academic resilience and well-being among SHS students in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 190 SHS students in three schools from Kwahu North and South district (i.e., Afram Plains) of Ghana’s Eastern Region completed the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) and College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (CSSWQ). The sample consists of 102 males and 88 females, with a mean age of 17.83 years. The data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and hierarchical regression. The study established that students have a moderate level of academic resilience and a higher level of well-being, with no statistically significant variation in students’ academic resilience (t = 0.718; p = 0.474) or well-being (t = −1.596; p = 0.112) across gender. Further, the study discovered that resilience significantly predicted academic well-being (B = 0.425; SE = 0.050; t = 8.50; p < 0.001). This study highlights the importance of promoting gender-sensitive intervention strategies that enhance the academic resilience and well-being of SHS students and help boost their educational attainment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Open AccessArticle
Large Numbers for Small Children—Up to What Age Do Infants Benefit from a Longer Echo Time in Cerebral T2 MRI Sequences?
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Anne Bettina Beeskow, Franz Wolfgang Hirsch, Timm Denecke, Ina Sorge and Daniel Gräfe
Children 2024, 11(5), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050511 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
In newborns, white matter shows a high T2-weighted (T2w) signal in MRI with poor grey–white matter contrast. To increase this contrast, an extremely long echo time (TE) is used in the examination of children. It is not known up to what age this
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In newborns, white matter shows a high T2-weighted (T2w) signal in MRI with poor grey–white matter contrast. To increase this contrast, an extremely long echo time (TE) is used in the examination of children. It is not known up to what age this long TE should be used. The purpose of this study was to find up to what age a long TE should be used in infants. In the prospective study, 101 infants (0–18 months) underwent cranial MRI at 3 Tesla. T2-weighted Fast Spin Echo sequences with long TE (200 ms) and medium TE (100 ms) were used. The signal intensities of the cortex and white matter were measured and the grey–white matter contrast (MC) was calculated. A cut-off age was determined. The T2w sequences with long TE had a statistically significantly higher MC until the age of six months (medium TE: 0.1 ± 0.05, Long TE: 0.19 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). After the tenth month, the T2w sequence with medium TE provided significantly better MC (Medium TE: 0.1 ± 0.05; long TE: 0.05 ± 0.4; p < 0.001). The use of a long TE is only helpful in the first six months of life. After the tenth month of life, a medium TE should be favored as is used in adult brain MRI.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Neonatology)
Open AccessArticle
Mellow Babies: A Randomised Feasibility Trial of an Intervention to Improve the Quality of Parent–Infant Interactions and Parental Mental Wellbeing
by
Lucy Thompson and Philip Wilson
Children 2024, 11(5), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050510 - 24 Apr 2024
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Mellow Babies aims to improve mothers’ mental wellbeing and the quality of their interactions with their baby. The feasibility of a definitive trial of Mellow Babies was assessed using a waiting-list randomised pilot trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02277301). Mothers with substantial health/social care needs and
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Mellow Babies aims to improve mothers’ mental wellbeing and the quality of their interactions with their baby. The feasibility of a definitive trial of Mellow Babies was assessed using a waiting-list randomised pilot trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02277301). Mothers with substantial health/social care needs and a child aged < 13 months were randomly allocated either to a 14-week Mellow Babies programme or to receive usual care whilst on a waiting list for the intervention. Rates of recruitment and retention as well as participants’ views of their experience in this study were recorded. Outcomes were parenting behaviour, assessed by the blind-rated Mellow Parenting Observation System (primary) and self-report maternal wellbeing pre- and post-intervention/waiting period. We recruited 38 eligible participants: 36 (95%; 18 intervention, 18 control) completed baseline measures, and 28 (74%; 15 intervention, 13 control) provided post-intervention data. Two practitioners took part in feedback interviews. Intervention participants had significantly more positive interactions with their babies at post-intervention compared to those in the control group (p = 0.019), adjusted for pre-intervention scores. There was no significant improvement in mothers’ mental wellbeing on any measure. A definitive trial of Mellow Babies is feasible and should include longer follow up of mothers and the opportunity for fathers to take part.
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Open AccessReview
Klinefelter Syndrome: A Genetic Disorder Leading to Neuroendocrine Modifications and Psychopathological Vulnerabilities in Children—A Literature Review and Case Report
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Fabiola Panvino, Roberto Paparella, Luisiana Gambuti, Andrea Cerrito, Michela Menghi, Ginevra Micangeli, Carla Petrella, Marco Fiore, Luigi Tarani and Ignazio Ardizzone
Children 2024, 11(5), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050509 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS), characterized by an additional X-chromosome in males, manifests in a wide range of neuroendocrine and psychiatric symptoms. Individuals with KS often face increased risks of hormonal dysfunction, leading to depression and anxiety, although extended research during pediatric and adolescent age
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Klinefelter syndrome (KS), characterized by an additional X-chromosome in males, manifests in a wide range of neuroendocrine and psychiatric symptoms. Individuals with KS often face increased risks of hormonal dysfunction, leading to depression and anxiety, although extended research during pediatric and adolescent age is still limited. This critical phase, decisive for KS children, is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental and familial factors, which impact brain plasticity. In this report, we reviewed, in a narrative form, the crucial KS psychopathological hallmarks in children. To better describe neuroendocrine and neuropsychiatric outcomes in children with KS, we presented the case of an 11-year-old prepubertal child with mosaic KS who was referred to our Center of Developmental Psychopathology due to a decline in his academic performance, excessive daytime fatigue and increased distractibility over the past few months. Family history revealed psychiatric conditions among first- and second-degree relatives, including recently divorced parents and a 15-year-old sister. Early-onset persistent depressive disorder and anxious traits were diagnosed. Timely identification of susceptible children, with thorough examination of familial psychiatric history, environmental influences and neurocognitive profile, alongside targeted interventions, could potentially mitigate lifelong psychopathology-related disabilities in pediatric and adolescent KS cases, including those with mosaic KS.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrine Diseases in Pediatrics: Diagnosis and Treatment)
Open AccessArticle
Stress Coping Strategies in Parents of Newborns and Infants with Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease with Regard to Stress Levels and Negative Emotions
by
Agnieszka Kruszecka-Krówka, Grażyna Cepuch and Agnieszka Micek
Children 2024, 11(5), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050508 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Background: Parents of children suffering from congenital heart disease experience high levels of stress and negative emotions. Therefore, recognition of parents’ emotional states and their ways of coping with it is becoming more and more important. Methods: The study group consisted of 154
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Background: Parents of children suffering from congenital heart disease experience high levels of stress and negative emotions. Therefore, recognition of parents’ emotional states and their ways of coping with it is becoming more and more important. Methods: The study group consisted of 154 parents of newborns and infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease, before and after cardiac surgery (partial or full). To assess parental negative emotions, the level of stress, and strategies of coping with it, standardized questionnaires, such as HADS-M, PSS-10, and COPE, were used. Results: Stress levels in parents were high and associated with negative emotions (anxiety, depression, irritability), as well as the choice of non-constructive coping strategies, which was observed especially in younger parents. Conclusions: Assessing parents’ stress levels and ways of coping with stress can improve family functioning and provide better development conditions for the child.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Neonatal Cardiology)
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Open AccessReview
Psychosocial Impact of False-Positive Newborn Screening Results: A Scoping Review
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Jane Chudleigh and Pru Holder
Children 2024, 11(5), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050507 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Psychosocial consequences of false-positive results following newborn bloodspot screening have been identified as a potential risk to this highly successful public health initiative. A scoping review was undertaken in October 2023 underpinned by the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Twenty-four papers were included in
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Psychosocial consequences of false-positive results following newborn bloodspot screening have been identified as a potential risk to this highly successful public health initiative. A scoping review was undertaken in October 2023 underpinned by the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Twenty-four papers were included in the review, many of which focused on cystic fibrosis. The results indicated that impact of false-positive results is variable; some studies suggest false-positive results have the potential to result in negative sequelae including increased stress and changes in parental perceptions of their child, while others suggest these impacts are transient and, in some instances, may even lead to positive outcomes. Further evidence is needed to ensure the representation of other conditions included in newborn bloodspot screening and to support strategies to overcome potential negative sequela.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neonatal Screening: Recent and Future Developments)
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Open AccessCase Report
Neonatal Enterovirus-Associated Myocarditis in Dizygotic Twins: Myocardial Longitudinal Strain Pattern Analysis
by
Stefania Giampetruzzi, Domenico Sirico, Nicoletta Mainini, Marta Meneghelli, Enrico Valerio, Sabrina Salvadori and Giovanni Di Salvo
Children 2024, 11(5), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050506 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are the most common causes of viral myocarditis in neonates. Neonatal enterovirus myocarditis manifestations range from nonspecific febrile illness to congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock with high risk of in-hospital mortality and long-term cardiac sequelae. Early recognition is essential to
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Enteroviruses (EVs) are the most common causes of viral myocarditis in neonates. Neonatal enterovirus myocarditis manifestations range from nonspecific febrile illness to congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock with high risk of in-hospital mortality and long-term cardiac sequelae. Early recognition is essential to undertake appropriate therapy and predict outcomes. Echocardiography and echo-derived left ventricular strain measures seem promising for these purposes. We herein report two cases of neonatal enterovirus-associated myocarditis in dichorionic diamniotic twins, with different presentation, clinical course, and intensity of treatments.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in NICU Health Care)
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Open AccessArticle
Identifying Preoperative Clinical Characteristics of Unexpected Gastrointestinal Perforation in Infants—A Retrospective Cohort Study
by
Adinda G. H. Pijpers, Ramon R. Gorter, Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk, Joost van Schuppen, Chris H. P. van den Akker, Sylvie Vanhamel, Ernest L. W. van Heurn, Gijsbert D. Musters and Joep P. M. Derikx
Children 2024, 11(5), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050505 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Infants presenting with unexpected pneumoperitoneum upon abdominal X-ray, indicating a gastrointestinal perforation (GIP), have a surgical emergency with potential morbidity and mortality. Preoperative determination of the location of perforation is challenging but will aid the surgeon in optimizing the surgical strategy, as colon
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Infants presenting with unexpected pneumoperitoneum upon abdominal X-ray, indicating a gastrointestinal perforation (GIP), have a surgical emergency with potential morbidity and mortality. Preoperative determination of the location of perforation is challenging but will aid the surgeon in optimizing the surgical strategy, as colon perforations are more challenging than small bowel perforations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an overview of preoperative patient characteristics, determine the differences between the small bowel and colon, and determine underlying causes in a cohort of infants with unexpected GIP. Methods: All infants (age ≤ 6 months) who presented at our center with unexpected pneumoperitoneum (no signs of pneumatosis before) undergoing surgery between 1996 and 2024 were retrospectively included. The differences between the location of perforation were analyzed using chi-squared and t-tests. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple tests. Results: In total, 51 infants presented with unexpected pneumoperitoneum at our center, predominantly male (N = 36/51) and premature (N = 40/51). Among them, twenty-six had small bowel, twenty-two colon, and three stomach perforations. Prematurity (p = 0.001), birthweight < 1000 g (p = 0.001), respiratory support (p = 0.001), and lower median arterial pH levels (p = 0.001) were more present in patients with small bowel perforation compared with colon perforations. Pneumatosis intestinalis was more present in patients with colon perforation (p = 0.004). All patients with Hirschsprung disease and cystic fibrosis had colon perforation. The final diagnoses were mainly focal intestinal perforations (N = 27/51) and necrotizing enterocolitis (N = 9/51). Conclusion: Infants with unexpected GIP, birthweight <1000 g, and prematurity have more risk for small bowel perforation. In case of colon perforation, additional screening (for Hirschsprung and cystic fibrosis) should be considered.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Future Challenges of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Children: 2nd Edition)
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The Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove Distance Can either Increase or Decrease during Adolescent Growth
by
Per-Henrik Randsborg, Hasan Banitalebi, Asbjørn Årøen and Truls Straume-Næsheim
Children 2024, 11(5), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050504 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Increased Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove (TT-TG) distance is a risk factor for recurrent lateral patella dislocations (RLPD). Population-based cross-sectional studies on healthy subjects demonstrate that the TT-TG increases gradually during growth until skeletal maturity, but changes in the TT-TG distance during adolescence in patients
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Increased Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove (TT-TG) distance is a risk factor for recurrent lateral patella dislocations (RLPD). Population-based cross-sectional studies on healthy subjects demonstrate that the TT-TG increases gradually during growth until skeletal maturity, but changes in the TT-TG distance during adolescence in patients with RLPD on an individual basis have not been previously investigated. This study aimed to measure changes in TT-TG distance during skeletal maturity. The TT-TG of 13 consecutive patients with open physes (mean age 13 years) with RLPD was measured on MRI at baseline and three years later. The change in TT-TG distance over the three-year period was measured. The mean change in TT-TG distance from the baseline to the three-year follow-up increased overall (2.9 mm, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.1–3.7). However, the TT-TG distance could either increase or decrease during final growth. Our results suggest that the TT-TG distance in patients suffering from RLPD may either decrease or increase individually during the growth spurt. This contradicts the current concept that the TT-TG distance increases gradually during growth.
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(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Orthopedics)
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