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Cells
Special Issues
Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism
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Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 17897

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shigehiko Yumura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
Interests: wound repair of cell membrane; cytokinesis; cell migration; cytoskeleton; cell polarity; mechanical force; membrane trafficking; Dictyostelium
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In our body, cells and tissues are frequently wounded by chemical and physical damages. In addition, the stretch and contraction in muscles and hydrostatic pressure in the cardiovascular system frequently injure the cell membrane. A wounded cell membrane loses its barrier function, resulting in an influx of undesirable substances into the cell as well as a loss of cytoplasm. However, cells can rapidly detect and repair the wounded cell membrane. Defects in cell membrane repair may cause muscular dystrophy, diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, and inflammatory myopathy. Plant cells can also repair cell membranes. Thus, like DNA repair, wound repair is a physiologically vital phenomenon for living cells. The molecular mechanism of wound repair is highly regulated temporally and spatially, involving intracellular signaling, membrane remodeling, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Historically, on a cellular level, repair of the wounded cell membrane has been mainly studied, but recent studies have revealed that intracellular organelles also have repair mechanisms. Wound repair in the level of multicellular tissue has a common feature to single cells but also involves cell migration, cell division, and cell adhesion. This Special Issue of Cells intends to accept a wide range of wound repair mechanisms, their related interesting phenomena, and techniques for research.

Dr. Shigehiko Yumura
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • membrane resealing
  • multicellular wound repair
  • wound repair
  • wound healing
  • wound closure
  • lesion removal

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3645 KiB  
Article
MG53 Mitigates Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Skin Injury
by Haichang Li, Zhongguang Li, Xiuchun Li, Chuanxi Cai, Serena Li Zhao, Robert E. Merritt, Xinyu Zhou, Tao Tan, Valerie Bergdall and Jianjie Ma
Cells 2023, 12(14), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141915 - 23 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2411
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are vesicant agents that cause skin injury and blistering through complicated cellular events, involving DNA damage, free radical formation, and lipid peroxidation. The development of therapeutic approaches targeting the multi-cellular process of tissue injury repair can [...] Read more.
Sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are vesicant agents that cause skin injury and blistering through complicated cellular events, involving DNA damage, free radical formation, and lipid peroxidation. The development of therapeutic approaches targeting the multi-cellular process of tissue injury repair can potentially provide effective countermeasures to combat vesicant-induced dermal lesions. MG53 is a vital component of cell membrane repair. Previous studies have demonstrated that topical application of recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein has the potential to promote wound healing. In this study, we further investigate the role of MG53 in NM-induced skin injury. Compared with wild-type mice, mg53−/− mice are more susceptible to NM-induced dermal injuries, whereas mice with sustained elevation of MG53 in circulation are resistant to dermal exposure of NM. Exposure of keratinocytes and human follicle stem cells to NM causes elevation of oxidative stress and intracellular aggregation of MG53, thus compromising MG53′s intrinsic cell membrane repair function. Topical rhMG53 application mitigates NM-induced dermal injury in mice. Histologic examination reveals the therapeutic benefits of rhMG53 are associated with the preservation of epidermal integrity and hair follicle structure in mice with dermal NM exposure. Overall, these findings identify MG53 as a potential therapeutic agent to mitigate vesicant-induced skin injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism)
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21 pages, 3788 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of Actin Cytoskeleton and Their Signaling Pathways during Cellular Wound Repair
by Shigehiko Yumura, Md. Shahabe Uddin Talukder, Mst. Shaela Pervin, Md. Istiaq Obaidi Tanvir, Takashi Matsumura, Koushiro Fujimoto, Masahito Tanaka and Go Itoh
Cells 2022, 11(19), 3166; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11193166 - 9 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3149
Abstract
The repair of wounded cell membranes is essential for cell survival. Upon wounding, actin transiently accumulates at the wound site. The loss of actin accumulation leads to cell death. The mechanism by which actin accumulates at the wound site, the types of actin-related [...] Read more.
The repair of wounded cell membranes is essential for cell survival. Upon wounding, actin transiently accumulates at the wound site. The loss of actin accumulation leads to cell death. The mechanism by which actin accumulates at the wound site, the types of actin-related proteins participating in the actin remodeling, and their signaling pathways are unclear. We firstly examined how actin accumulates at a wound site in Dictyostelium cells. Actin assembled de novo at the wound site, independent of cortical flow. Next, we searched for actin- and signal-related proteins targeting the wound site. Fourteen of the examined proteins transiently accumulated at different times. Thirdly, we performed functional analyses using gene knockout mutants or specific inhibitors. Rac, WASP, formin, the Arp2/3 complex, profilin, and coronin contribute to the actin dynamics. Finally, we found that multiple signaling pathways related to TORC2, the Elmo/Doc complex, PIP2-derived products, PLA2, and calmodulin are involved in the actin dynamics for wound repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism)
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17 pages, 2924 KiB  
Article
Reduced Sarcolemmal Membrane Repair Exacerbates Striated Muscle Pathology in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
by Brian J. Paleo, Kevin E. McElhanon, Hannah R. Bulgart, Kassidy K. Banford, Eric X Beck, Kristina M. Sattler, Briana N. Goines, Shelby L. Ratcliff, Kelly E. Crowe and Noah Weisleder
Cells 2022, 11(9), 1417; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091417 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3767
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common X-linked degenerative muscle disorder that involves mutations in the DMD gene that frequently reduce the expression of the dystrophin protein, compromising the structural integrity of the sarcolemmal membrane and leaving it vulnerable to injury during cycles [...] Read more.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common X-linked degenerative muscle disorder that involves mutations in the DMD gene that frequently reduce the expression of the dystrophin protein, compromising the structural integrity of the sarcolemmal membrane and leaving it vulnerable to injury during cycles of muscle contraction and relaxation. This results in an increased frequency of sarcolemma disruptions that can compromise the barrier function of the membrane and lead to death of the myocyte. Sarcolemmal membrane repair processes can potentially compensate for increased membrane disruptions in DMD myocytes. Previous studies demonstrated that TRIM72, a muscle-enriched tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein also known as mitsugumin 53 (MG53), is a component of the cell membrane repair machinery in striated muscle. To test the importance of membrane repair in striated muscle in compensating for the membrane fragility in DMD, we crossed TRIM72/MG53 knockout mice into the mdx mouse model of DMD. These double knockout (DKO) mice showed compromised sarcolemmal membrane integrity compared to mdx mice, as measured by immunoglobulin G staining and ex vivo muscle laser microscopy wounding assays. We also found a significant decrease in muscle ex vivo contractile function as compared to mdx mice at both 6 weeks and 1.5 years of age. As the DKO mice aged, they developed more extensive fibrosis in skeletal muscles compared to mdx. Our findings indicate that TRIM72/MG53-mediated membrane repair can partially compensate for the sarcolemmal fragility associated with DMD and that the loss of membrane repair results in increased pathology in the DKO mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism)
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Review

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15 pages, 928 KiB  
Review
Leveraging Plasma Membrane Repair Therapeutics for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Hannah R. Bulgart, Isabella Goncalves and Noah Weisleder
Cells 2023, 12(12), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12121660 - 18 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3332
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is an essential cellular mechanism that reseals membrane disruptions after a variety of insults, and compromised repair capacity can contribute to the progression of many diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by membrane damage from many sources, reduced membrane integrity, elevated [...] Read more.
Plasma membrane repair is an essential cellular mechanism that reseals membrane disruptions after a variety of insults, and compromised repair capacity can contribute to the progression of many diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by membrane damage from many sources, reduced membrane integrity, elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and widespread neuronal death. While the toxic intracellular effects of these changes in cellular physiology have been defined, the specific mechanism of neuronal death in certain neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. An abundance of recent evidence indicates that neuronal membrane damage and pore formation in the membrane are key contributors to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. In this review, we have outlined evidence supporting the hypothesis that membrane damage is a contributor to neurodegenerative diseases and that therapeutically enhancing membrane repair can potentially combat neuronal death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism)
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20 pages, 8624 KiB  
Review
Wrangling Actin Assemblies: Actin Ring Dynamics during Cell Wound Repair
by Justin Hui, Viktor Stjepić, Mitsutoshi Nakamura and Susan M. Parkhurst
Cells 2022, 11(18), 2777; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11182777 - 6 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3366 | Correction
Abstract
To cope with continuous physiological and environmental stresses, cells of all sizes require an effective wound repair process to seal breaches to their cortex. Once a wound is recognized, the cell must rapidly plug the injury site, reorganize the cytoskeleton and the membrane [...] Read more.
To cope with continuous physiological and environmental stresses, cells of all sizes require an effective wound repair process to seal breaches to their cortex. Once a wound is recognized, the cell must rapidly plug the injury site, reorganize the cytoskeleton and the membrane to pull the wound closed, and finally remodel the cortex to return to homeostasis. Complementary studies using various model organisms have demonstrated the importance and complexity behind the formation and translocation of an actin ring at the wound periphery during the repair process. Proteins such as actin nucleators, actin bundling factors, actin-plasma membrane anchors, and disassembly factors are needed to regulate actin ring dynamics spatially and temporally. Notably, Rho family GTPases have been implicated throughout the repair process, whereas other proteins are required during specific phases. Interestingly, although different models share a similar set of recruited proteins, the way in which they use them to pull the wound closed can differ. Here, we describe what is currently known about the formation, translocation, and remodeling of the actin ring during the cell wound repair process in model organisms, as well as the overall impact of cell wound repair on daily events and its importance to our understanding of certain diseases and the development of therapeutic delivery modalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism)
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Other

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1 pages, 173 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Hui et al. Wrangling Actin Assemblies: Actin Ring Dynamics during Cell Wound Repair. Cells 2022, 11, 2777
by Justin Hui, Viktor Stjepić, Mitsutoshi Nakamura and Susan M. Parkhurst
Cells 2023, 12(11), 1532; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12111532 - 2 Jun 2023
Viewed by 945
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Understanding Wound Repair Mechanism)
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