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Cutting Edge in Respiratory Disorders Biomarkers Research
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Cutting Edge in Respiratory Disorders Biomarkers Research

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 8285

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mauro Maniscalco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Telese, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Benevento, Italy
2. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; severe asthma; nitric oxide; biomarkers; metabolomics; exhaled breath condensate
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea Motta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
Interests: biomarkers; NMR spectroscopy, metabolomics; statistical analysis; systems biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD and pulmonary fibrosis are complex and heterogeneous pathologies, and bring about an increase in morbidity, mortality and health-care expenses. The complexity of these diseases is linked to several mechanisms that are not present in all patients at any given time-point, or in the same patient at different time-points, which underline the presence of specific phenotypes. The identification of definite phenotypes and endotypes, which recognize groups of patients with similar characteristics, prognosis or treatment, are very important to establish personalized therapies.

Phenotypes and endotypes can be studied by looking for specific biomarkers. Often, heterogeneous disorders are not characterized by a single biomarker, and even diseases presenting a single genetic abnormality display multiple biomarkers. In general, a panel of biomarkers is required for an accurate description of the molecular aspects of a disease. The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight recent findings regarding how biomarkers can help clinicians for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in respiratory medicine.

Dr. Mauro Maniscalco
Dr. Andrea Motta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • COPD
  • asthma
  • COVID-19
  • nitric oxide
  • omics
  • mass spectrometry
  • statistical analysis
  • rehabilitation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2306 KiB  
Article
Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Pneumonia—A Preliminary Report
by Yinfang Sun, Ying Xian, Zhiqin Duan, Zhiping Wan, Jianwei Li, Yao Liao, Xiaogang Bi, Zhongdao Wu, Lifu Wang and Kouxing Zhang
Cells 2022, 11(19), 2961; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11192961 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
Current clinical needs require the development and use of rapid and effective diagnostic indicators to accelerate the identification of pneumonia and the process of microbiological diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive candidates for novel biomarkers to evaluate the presence [...] Read more.
Current clinical needs require the development and use of rapid and effective diagnostic indicators to accelerate the identification of pneumonia and the process of microbiological diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive candidates for novel biomarkers to evaluate the presence and progress of many diseases. We assessed their performance as biomarkers of pneumonia. Patients were divided into the pneumonia group (with pneumonia) and the control group (without pneumonia). We identified and compared two upregulated miRNAs in EVs derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF-EVs) between the two groups (PmiR–17–5p = 0.009; PmiR–193a–5p = 0.031). Interestingly, in cell-debris pellets and EVs-free supernatants derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF-cell-debris pellets and BALF-EVs-free supernatants), total plasma, and EVs derived from plasma (plasma-EVs), the expression of miR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p showed no difference between pneumonia group and control group. In vitro experiments revealed that miR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p were strikingly upregulated in EVs derived from macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. MiR–17–5p (area under the curve, AUC: 0.753) and miR–193a–5p (AUC: 0.692) in BALF-EVs are not inferior to procalcitonin (AUC: 0.685) in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Furthermore, miR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p in BALF-EVs had a significantly higher specificity compared to procalcitonin and could be served as a potential diagnostic marker. MiR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p in EVs may be involved in lung inflammation by influencing the forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. This study is one of the few studies which focused on the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in BALF-EVs for pneumonia and the possibility to use them as new biomarkers for a rapid and early diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge in Respiratory Disorders Biomarkers Research)
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15 pages, 1413 KiB  
Article
Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-1 Ligand as Prognostic Markers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity
by Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Adam Majchrzak, Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Karol Serwin, Zenon Czajkowski, Ewelina Grywalska, Izabela Korona-Głowniak, Jacek Roliński and Miłosz Parczewski
Cells 2022, 11(12), 1978; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121978 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Current research proves that immune dysregulation is a common feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and immune exhaustion is associated with increased disease mortality. Immune checkpoint molecules, including the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) axis, may serve as markers of disease severity. [...] Read more.
Current research proves that immune dysregulation is a common feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and immune exhaustion is associated with increased disease mortality. Immune checkpoint molecules, including the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) axis, may serve as markers of disease severity. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in patients with COVID-19. Blood immunophenotypes of hospitalized patients with moderate (n = 17, requiring oxygen support) and severe (n = 35, requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care setting) COVID-19 were compared and associated with clinical, laboratory, and survival data. The associations between severity and lymphocyte profiles were analysed at baseline and after 7 and 14 days of in-hospital treatment. Forty patients without COVID-19 infection were used as controls. For PD-1-positive T and B lymphocyte subsets, notable increases were observed between controls and patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 for CD4+PD-1+ T cells, CD8+PD-1+ T and CD19+PD-1+ B cells. Similar trends were observed for PD-L1-positive lymphocytes, namely, CD4+PD-L1+ T cells, CD8+PD-L1+ T cells and CD19+PD-L1+ B cells. Importantly, all markers associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 were stable over time for the analysed time points in the moderate and severe COVID-19 groups. Increased abundances of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ lymphocytes were associated with disease severity and mortality and were stable over time in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. These immune exhaustion parameters may be attractive biomarkers of COVID-19 severity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge in Respiratory Disorders Biomarkers Research)
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13 pages, 935 KiB  
Article
A Phase II Study on the Effect of Taurisolo® Administered via AEROsol in Hospitalized Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia: The TAEROVID-19 Study
by Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Ludovica Capitelli, Nicola Coppola, Claudia Venditto, Ciro Santoro, Giuseppe Annunziata, Dario Bruzzese, Nunzia Cuomo, Ivan Gentile, Marialuisa Bocchino and Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli
Cells 2022, 11(9), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091499 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
Background: Polyphenols are the largest class of bioactive compounds in plants, which are synthesized as secondary metabolites. In the last few years, interesting studies have demonstrated the efficacy of polyphenols against coronavirus infections. Methods: we conducted a phase II multicentric clinical trial (TAEROVID-19) [...] Read more.
Background: Polyphenols are the largest class of bioactive compounds in plants, which are synthesized as secondary metabolites. In the last few years, interesting studies have demonstrated the efficacy of polyphenols against coronavirus infections. Methods: we conducted a phase II multicentric clinical trial (TAEROVID-19) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to assess the safety and feasibility of Taurisolo® aerosol formulation in hospitalized patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Results: we observed a rapid decline of symptoms and a low rate of intensive care in patients treated with Taurisolo®, with a faster decline of symptoms. Conclusions: This is the first trial assessing the safety and feasibility of Taurisolo® aerosol formulation. We could argue that this treatment could act as an add-on therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, owing to both its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Further controlled trials are needed, which may be of interest to evaluate the compound’s efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge in Respiratory Disorders Biomarkers Research)
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17 pages, 5543 KiB  
Article
Metabolomics of COPD Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes via Exhaled Breath Condensate
by Mauro Maniscalco, Debora Paris, Paola Cuomo, Salvatore Fuschillo, Pasquale Ambrosino, Annabella Tramice, Letizia Palomba and Andrea Motta
Cells 2022, 11(3), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030344 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2286
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by different phenotypes and clinical presentations. Therefore, a single strategy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) does not always yield the expected clinical outcomes as some individuals respond excellently, others discreetly, or do not respond at all. Fifty [...] Read more.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by different phenotypes and clinical presentations. Therefore, a single strategy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) does not always yield the expected clinical outcomes as some individuals respond excellently, others discreetly, or do not respond at all. Fifty consecutive COPD patients were enrolled. Of them, 35 starting a 5-week PR program were sampled at admission (T0), after 2 (T2W) and 5 (T5W) weeks, while 15 controls not yet on PR were tested at T0 and T5W. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to investigate the relationship between biomarkers and clinical parameters. The model including the three classes correctly located T2W between T0 and T5W, but 38.71% of samples partially overlapped with T0 and 32.26% with T5W, suggesting that for some patients PR is already beneficial at T2W (32.26% overlapping with T5W), while for others (38.71% overlapping with T0) more time is required. Rehabilitated patients presented several altered biomarkers. In particular, methanol from T0 to T5W decreased in parallel with dyspnea and fatigue, while the walk distance increased. Methanol could be ascribed to lung inflammation. We demonstrated that the metabolic COPD phenotype clearly evolves during PR, with a strict relationship between clinical and molecular parameters. Methanol, correlating with clinical parameters, represents a useful biomarker for monitoring personalized outcomes and establishing more targeted protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge in Respiratory Disorders Biomarkers Research)
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