Novel Insights into Mechanism and Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 February 2026 | Viewed by 652

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Interests: cell and molecular biology; spine; intervertebral disc

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Back pain related to the degeneration of IVDs is a prevalent clinical problem, but the study of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has advanced in recent years. For example, we have utilized innovative molecular and tissue engineering techniques to understand how age, genetics, and injury affect IVD degeneration, and have tested novel treatments in animal models and organ/cell culture systems.

We encourage authors to submit their work in the form of original research or review articles that discuss the disease mechanism and innovative treatment strategies. This Special Issue also welcomes the submission of articles based on human patients, animal models or organ/cell culture studies. The scope of this Special Issue also includes novel technologies that enable the exploration of important disease characteristics and mechanisms, new discoveries, and the development of innovative therapies.

Dr. Yejia Zhang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration
  • back pain
  • age
  • genetics
  • injury

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 10292 KB  
Article
An Ex Vivo Intervertebral Disc Slice Culture Model for Studying Disc Degeneration and Immune Cell Interactions
by Eunha G. Oh, Li Xiao, Zhiwen Xu, Yuan Xing, Yi Zhang, Parastoo Anbaei, Jialun A. Chi, Li Jin, Rebecca R. Pompano and Xudong Li
Cells 2025, 14(16), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14161230 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 461
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of back and leg pain and a major contributor to disability worldwide. Despite its prevalence, treatments remain limited due to incomplete understanding of its pathology. In vivo models pose challenges for controlled conditions, while in vitro [...] Read more.
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of back and leg pain and a major contributor to disability worldwide. Despite its prevalence, treatments remain limited due to incomplete understanding of its pathology. In vivo models pose challenges for controlled conditions, while in vitro cell cultures lack key cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. To address these limitations, we developed a novel tissue slice culture model of mouse discs, in which intact mouse discs were sliced down to 300 μm thickness with a vibratome and cultured ex vivo at various time points. The cell viability, matrix components, structure integrity, inflammatory responses, and macrophage interactions were evaluated with biochemistry, gene expression, histology, and 3D imaging analyses. Disc slices maintained structural integrity and cell viability, with preserved extracellular matrix in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and mild degeneration in nucleus pulposus (NP) by day 5. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced disc degeneration manifested by increased glycosaminoglycan release in media and reduced aggrecan and collagen II mRNA levels in disc cells. Cultured disc slices promoted macrophages towards pro-inflammatory phenotype with elevated mRNA levels of il-1α, il-6, and inos. Macrophage overlay and 3D imaging demonstrated macrophage infiltration into the NP and AF tissues up to ~100 µm in depth. The disc tissue slice model captures key features of intervertebral discs and can be used for investigating mechanisms of disc degeneration and therapeutic evaluation. Full article
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