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Recent Advances in the Mechanisms and Treatment of Pain
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Recent Advances in the Mechanisms and Treatment of Pain

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cells of the Nervous System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 5097

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jie Wen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
Interests: traumatic brain injury; neuropathic pain; multiple sclerosis; endocannabinoids; eicosanoids
Dr. Yumin Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
Interests: traumatic brain injury; neuropathic pain; multiple sclerosis; endocannabinoids; eicosanoids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although the ascending and descending pathways for pain transmission have been well-characterized, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling pain initiation, transmission, modulation and perception are still unclear, and how pain progresses from an acute to a chronic state remain far from understood. The recent development in various imaging techniques, single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, optogenetics and other novel molecular approaches enables us to better understand the pain pathogenesis in both cellular and systems levels. In this Special Issue, we aim to present breakthrough discoveries in the mechanisms and treatment of pain, particularly neuropathic pain associated with nerve injury, trauma, and other neurological diseases. All article types, including original in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, review articles, and clinical studies, are welcome for submission.

Dr. Jie Wen
Dr. Yumin Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8236 KiB  
Article
Heme-Induced Macrophage Phenotype Switching and Impaired Endogenous Opioid Homeostasis Correlate with Chronic Widespread Pain in HIV
by Tanima Chatterjee, Itika Arora, Lilly B. Underwood, Terry L. Lewis, Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos, Sonya L. Heath, Burel R. Goodin and Saurabh Aggarwal
Cells 2023, 12(12), 1565; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12121565 - 06 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with a high rate of disability and decreased quality of life in people with HIV-1 (PWH). We previously showed that PWH with CWP have increased hemolysis and elevated plasma levels of cell-free heme, which correlate with low [...] Read more.
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with a high rate of disability and decreased quality of life in people with HIV-1 (PWH). We previously showed that PWH with CWP have increased hemolysis and elevated plasma levels of cell-free heme, which correlate with low endogenous opioid levels in leukocytes. Further, we demonstrated that cell-free heme impairs β-endorphin synthesis/release from leukocytes. However, the cellular mechanisms by which heme dampens β-endorphin production are inconclusive. The current hypothesis is that heme-dependent TLR4 activation and macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype mediate this phenomenon. Our novel findings showed that PWH with CWP have elevated M1-specific macrophage chemokines (ENA-78, GRO-α, and IP-10) in plasma. In vitro, hemin-induced polarization of M0 and M2 macrophages to the M1 phenotype with low β-endorphins was mitigated by treating cells with the TLR4 inhibitor, TAK-242. Similarly, in vivo phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ), an inducer of hemolysis, injected into C57Bl/6 mice increased the M1/M2 cell ratio and reduced β-endorphin levels. However, treating these animals with the heme-scavenging protein hemopexin (Hx) or TAK-242 reduced the M1/M2 ratio and increased β-endorphins. Furthermore, Hx attenuated heme-induced mechanical, heat, and cold hypersensitivity, while TAK-242 abrogated hypersensitivity to mechanical and heat stimuli. Overall, these results suggest that heme-mediated TLR4 activation and M1 polarization of macrophages correlate with impaired endogenous opioid homeostasis and hypersensitivity in people with HIV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Mechanisms and Treatment of Pain)
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15 pages, 3671 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Effects of Combined Treatment with the AEA Hydrolysis Inhibitor PF04457845 and the Substrate Selective COX-2 Inhibitor LM4131 in the Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain
by Jie Wen, Scott Sackett, Mikiei Tanaka and Yumin Zhang
Cells 2023, 12(9), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12091275 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain resulting from peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical problem, which makes it imperative to develop the mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. Enhancement of endogenous cannabinoids by blocking their hydrolysis has been shown to reduce inflammation and neuronal damage in a number [...] Read more.
Chronic neuropathic pain resulting from peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical problem, which makes it imperative to develop the mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. Enhancement of endogenous cannabinoids by blocking their hydrolysis has been shown to reduce inflammation and neuronal damage in a number of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. However, recent studies suggest that inhibition of their hydrolysis can shift endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) toward the oxygenation pathway mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to produce proinflammatory prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) and prostaglandin ethanolamides (PG-EAs). Thus, blocking both endocannabinoid hydrolysis and oxygenation is likely to be more clinically beneficial. In this study, we used the chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model to explore the therapeutic effects of simultaneous inhibition of AEA hydrolysis and oxygenation in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We found that the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor PF04457845 and the substrate-selective COX-2 inhibitor LM4131 dose-dependently reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the CCI mice. In addition to ameliorating the pain behaviors, combined treatment with subeffective doses of these inhibitors greatly attenuated the accumulation of inflammatory cells in both sciatic nerve and spinal cord. Consistently, the increased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and chemokine MCP-1 in the CCI mouse spinal cord and sciatic nerve were also significantly reduced by combination of low doses of PF04457845 and LM4131 treatment. Therefore, our study suggests that simultaneous blockage of endocannabinoid hydrolysis and oxygenation by using the substrate-selective COX-2 inhibitor, which avoids the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects associated with the use of general COX-2 inhibitors, might be a suitable strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Mechanisms and Treatment of Pain)
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11 pages, 2017 KiB  
Article
Identification of Spinal Inhibitory Interneurons Required for Attenuating Effect of Duloxetine on Neuropathic Allodynia-like Signs in Rats
by Tadayuki Ishibashi, Daichi Sueto, Yu Yoshikawa, Keisuke Koga, Ken Yamaura and Makoto Tsuda
Cells 2022, 11(24), 4051; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11244051 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition that occurs after nerve damage; allodynia, which refers to pain caused by generally innocuous stimuli, is a hallmark symptom. Although allodynia is often resistant to analgesics, the antidepressant duloxetine has been used as an effective therapeutic [...] Read more.
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition that occurs after nerve damage; allodynia, which refers to pain caused by generally innocuous stimuli, is a hallmark symptom. Although allodynia is often resistant to analgesics, the antidepressant duloxetine has been used as an effective therapeutic option. Duloxetine increases spinal noradrenaline (NA) levels by inhibiting its transporter at NAergic terminals in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), which has been proposed to contribute to its pain-relieving effect. However, the mechanism through which duloxetine suppresses neuropathic allodynia remains unclear. Here, we identified an SDH inhibitory interneuron subset (captured by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors incorporating a rat neuropeptide Y promoter; AAV-NpyP+ neurons) that is mostly depolarized by NA. Furthermore, this excitatory effect was suppressed by pharmacological blockade or genetic knockdown of α1B-adrenoceptors (ARs) in AAV-NpyP+ SDH neurons. We found that duloxetine suppressed Aβ fiber-mediated allodynia-like behavioral responses after nerve injury and that this effect was not observed in AAV-NpyP+ SDH neuron-selective α1B-AR-knockdown. These results indicate that α1B-AR and AAV-NpyP+ neurons are critical targets for spinal NA and are necessary for the therapeutic effect of duloxetine on neuropathic pain, which can support the development of novel analgesics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Mechanisms and Treatment of Pain)
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